Ache vs Ama Code of Ethics - 2372 Words

ACHE v. AMA Codes of Ethics ACHE v. AMA Codes of Ethics The American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) Code of Ethics is a list of principles set forth to guide healthcare executives in their daily practice. The Code of Ethics clearly defines the behavior and performance standards required by those performing the duties of healthcare executives. The ACHE Code of Ethics is designed in a way that clearly directs healthcare executives in their interactions with patients, employees, and the community. The ACHE Code of Ethics also clearly defines the responsibilities of the healthcare executive to the profession of healthcare management and also the responsibilities of the healthcare executive to the organization, as well as the†¦show more content†¦The Code of Ethics defines the behavior standards with which physicians must comply. The AMA Code of Ethics is designed as a concise document outlining the basic duties and responsibilities of physicians. One of the major areas of strength of the AMA Code of Ethics is the principle that outlines that the physician must â€Å"regard responsibility to the patient as paramount† (American Medical Association, n.d., par. 9). This principle outlines that importance of putting the patient first in all care aspects when working with a patient. Along with this, other principles set forth in the AMA Code of Ethics, while involving other aspects of care, state that the rights of the patient shall be acknowledged and followed during patient care. It is very important that healthcare codes of ethics are clear in defining that the patient needs to be considered first and foremost. A weakness of the AMA Code of Ethics is concise nature of the document. While concise can also be regarded as a strength, the concise nature of this Code of Ethics is a disadvantage, as it does not allow for more clear definitions of the ethical principles. For example, the principle stating that physicians shall support access to medical care for everyone does no t outline the ways in which physicians should do this or provide any guidance. It seems as though more guidance could be provided with a moreShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesPractices 6 Recruiting 7 Employee Selection 7 Training and Development 7 Ethics and Employee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key

Value of science Free Essays

Richard Funnyman Is a world renowned physicists, he is known especially for his help In the development of the atomic bomb. Considering that he Is the creator of the worlds most dangerous weapon, The Value of Science can be interpreted on an entirely different level as Funnyman goes back and forth on the concepts of good vs.. We will write a custom essay sample on Value of science or any similar topic only for you Order Now Evil as a way to reflect his moral conscience. Richard Funnyman’ morality can be seen through his passages about good and evil in the world of science and the world outside of science. During Funnyman’ opening point he states that when good things re created because of science It Is because â€Å"moral choice† (Funnyman 64) led them to that discovery. In other words, when someone makes something beneficial in science it is simply because while they were making it they were considering what is right and wrong. He continues by saying that each scientist is given the power â€Å"to do either good or bad† (Funnyman 64). However, there are no instructions on how to decipher which one you are doing. Therefore, you could create something disastrous due to the lack of direction. In addition, he references a Buddhist proverb, â€Å"To every man Is given the key to the gates of heaven; the same key opens the gates of hell† (Funnyman 64). He is relating this quote to the good and bad choices that can be made in science. For example, in the proverb the â€Å"kef’ would be the science, â€Å"heaven† would be the good that can come from science, and â€Å"hell† would be the bad that can come from science. However, whether it be the power to do something good or bad or the key to heaven or hell there are never and instructions on which choices will lead you here. If you don’t have Instructions, â€Å"the key may be a dangerous object to use† (Funnyman 64). Based on the diction he uses In this section It suggests that he Is feelings guilty for the effects of the atomic bomb since he is using words such as â€Å"bad†, â€Å"evil†, and â€Å"dangerous†. It suggests that perhaps Funnyman feels as if he opened the gate to hell rather than the gate to heaven through his invention. His guilt is further shown with his comparison of science to the world outside of science. Richard Funnyman uses things outside of science to compare and Justify his morals about what he has done In science. For example, he states that education, communication, and applied science can be a â€Å"strong force, but for either good or evil† (Funnyman 69). It can be interpreted that he is referencing the atomic bomb by the repetition of the words â€Å"strong force† because the atomic bomb is the most feared bomb in the world due to how much power it is has. Also, when he says that these strong forces can be used for â€Å"good or evil† (Funnyman 69) it could mean that the mob could be used for good, In which cases It wouldn’t harm any civilians, or It can be used for evil, like how It was used In World War II where the bomb was used and killed 80,000 people instantly. He is using these examples outside of science as a way to show that, yes, science can create horror, but there are so many other things in the world that can create the same outcome. Following this further, he states that â€Å"nearly everybody dislikes war and continues by saying that â€Å"our dream today is peace† (Funnyman 69). However, he further explains this point by giving an example of how eventually peace turns Into a bad thing also. This rationale used by Funnyman war. If this is the case, his example of peace being a bad thing would reference the fact that, the atomic bomb ended the war, but there was so much horror in the way it ended that it is impossible to actually have peace. The passage â€Å"Education, for Good and Evil† as a whole suggests that he is trying to take attention off of science alone being bad, by bring other things into the equation. This section of his writing shows his morality through his diction and repetition, if there were no remorse for his decisions the whole piece would take a completely different purpose. Origin, an ancient theologian, once said, â€Å"the power of choosing good and evil is within the reach of all. † Richard Funnyman shows that this is entirely possible to do, given that the person making the decision is in touch with their morals. Good things can be created from knowledge, but the biggest part of creating something great is the use of moral choices. How to cite Value of science, Papers

Persuasive Outline free essay sample

Specific Purpose Statement: To persuade my audience that eating breakfast is important to good health Central Purpose Statement: To persuade my audience that eating breakfast is important for good health by first telling you about the metabolic benefits of eating breakfast, second, by explaining how breakfast aids in weight loss, and third, by discussing some overall psychological and physiological advantages eating a good breakfast. Introduction: Have you ever worried about the grumbling of your stomach in a classroom or an office in the morning? Have you ever thought about getting snacks or lunch in the morning because of intense hunger? If you skip breakfast, it not only makes you have less concentration, but it actually reduces your thinking ability or performance. Have you ever asked yourself â€Å"why can’t I lose weight? †Ã‚  Ã‚  The reason might be that you are skipping breakfast. Breakfast plays a very important role for our health, but a lot of people neglect breakfast. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After I came to America, I got a cold more often than before and also gained almost 10 pounds. I tried to solve these two problems. And later I figured out the solution. I just needed to eat breakfast. It’s not as difficult as doing exercise everyday, but eating breakfast has as good an effect as doing exercise, or even more! So, tonight, I’m going to persuade you that eating breakfast is important for good health by first telling you about the metabolic benefits of eating breakfast, second, by explaining how breakfast aids in weight loss, and third, by discussing some overall psychological and physiological advantages ating a good breakfast. I. Numerous studying have been made by nutrician scientists on the great value of eating a good breakfast. They are all agree there are significant advantages from eating well-balanced breakfast. A. According to Food Service Director,  To Start the Day: Healthy Breakfast  by Karen Rubin in Apr. 15, 2000, after fasting overnight, glucose level drops dramatically. 1. According to Rubin in April 15, 2000, numerous nutrition studies show that glucose, which is natural sugar, level drops dramatically after overnight fasting. 2. Rubin said that since glucose level is energy for body, body wakes up energy deficient. 3. Also, according to Family Life,  Brilliant Breakfasts  in Sep. 1997 by Flynn McCarthy, children, age four to puberty whose brain use twice as much glucose than adults. 4. Rubin and McCarthy state eating a good breakfast supplies food which is transformed into glucose energy for body’s work. B. According to Kid Source Online:  Breakfast Program May Improve Children’s Behavior and Performance  in 2000 Eating breakfast effects brain, memory, attention span and concentration. 1. According to this article, Harvard research shows breakfast boosts children’s brain function, memory, attention span and concentration. 2. Also, according to Family Life,  Brilliant Breakfast  in Sep. , 1997, Studies by Tufts University discovered that the score of standard mathematics of students who ate breakfast was 13 points higher than students who didn’t eat breakfast. Transition: Now, I’ve talked about the metabolic reasons of eating breakfast. I’d like to talk about eating breakfast aids in weight loss. ?. A many researchers are linked eating breakfast leads to successful weight loss. A. Understanding the body’s reaction to starvation is necessary. 1. According to Food Service Director:  To Start the Day: Healthy Breakfast  by Karen Rubin in April 2000, if you don’t eat food for long hours, the brain thinks that you are going to starve, as a result body consumes more cholesterol and fat for storing energy. 2. According to  Medical Letter on the CDCamp;FDA:  Breakfast is Key to Best Diet, July 2002, people who eat breakfast consume two-third of daily recommended of calcium, magnesium, which help your metabolism. 3. In addition, according to Runner’s World:  Eat More, Weigh Less  in June 2002, the study of  Ã‚  National weight Control Registry investigated that 78 % of people who lost more than 30 pounds and kept the lost answered they ate breakfast 7 days a week. Transition and Internal Preview: Now, I’ve talked about eating breakfast aids to weight loss. I’m going to discuss some overall psychological and physiological advantages eating a good breakfast, by first talking about how breakfast helps decrease mental fatigue and depression, and second, how it has physical benefits. . Eating breakfast is beneficial. A. Psychological effects of eating good breakfast include decreasing mental fatigue and depression. 1. According to Prevention:  Automatic Weight Loss  in 1996 August, Bonnie Spring PhD,  Ã‚  professor of psychology at the University of Health Science says people who skip breakfast get tired and irritable easily. 2. Also, Dr. Spring pointed out that this result tends to make people grab something sugary to boost their mood. 3. However, over sugar taking only make energy increase and drop rapidly and doesn’t really help. B. Physiological uplift results from eating breakfast. 1. According to Nation’s Restaurant News, Coalition:  School breakfast numbers rise, don’t  Ã‚  shine  Ã‚  in November 2002 , Research study of public school students by Harvard Medical School showed that eating breakfast reduce absences and tardiness. 2. According to Jet,  Breakfast Remains Essential to a Healthy Lifestylein May 2002, eating breakfast such as fruits and vegetables could be avoid strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: In conclusion, tonight, I have persuaded you eating breakfast is important or good health by first telling you about the metabolic benefits of eating breakfast, second, by explaining how breakfast aids in weight loss, and third, by discussing some overall psychological and physiological advantages eating a good breakfast. Will you still keep skipping breakfast? Do you still think sleeping 10-15 minutes longer is more important than eating breakfast? I hope you donâ€℠¢t, and you will start to eat breakfast regularly. But, just in case, I will suggest for those who still want to sleep longer a simple quick breakfast to prepare. Preparing breakfast the night before, for example, you might cut some cheese or pour orange juice into a portable container. Or, if it’s still a pain in the neck, take bananas, apples, or some fruits with you. Eating something is better than eating nothing. So, please start from tonight or tomorrow morning having breakfast and expect to live happier, healthier and enjoy your long life more. Bibliography ?Baylor College of Medicine. â€Å"Breakfast is Key to Best Diet†. Medical Letter on the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CDCamp;FDA. Jul. 2002. Nov. 2002 ?†Breakfast Remains Essential to a Healthy Lifestyle†. Jet. Vol. 101 May 2002. Nov. 002 ?Eck, Moxey B. â€Å"Eat More, Weigh Less†. Runner’s World. Vol. 36  Ã‚  Jun. 2002. Nov. 2002. ?Kid Source Online. â€Å"School Breakfast Program May Improve Children’s Behavior and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Performance† Online posting. Apr. 2000. Nov. 2002  Ã‚  lt;http: www. Kidsource. com/gt; ? King, Paul. â€Å" School Breakfast Numbers Rise, Don’t Shine†. Nation’s Restaurant News, ? McCarthy, Laura F. â€Å"Brilliant Breakfasts†. Family Life. Sep. 1997. Nov. 2002 ? Rubin, Wilk K. â€Å"To Start the Day: Healthy Breakfast†. Food Service Director. Apr. 2000. Nov. 2002 ?Spilner, Maggie â€Å"Automatic Weight Loss†. Prevention. Vol. 48 Aug. 1996. Nov. 2002. Persuasive outline free essay sample Attention Grabber: Statistic-â€Å"Secondhand smoke causes almost 50,000 deaths in adult nonsmokers in the United States each year, including approximately 3,400 from lung cancer and 22,700-69,600 from heart disease. (American Lung Association) 2. Although smokers are the one’s directly inhaling the smoke from their cigarettes, they put everyone’s life in jeopardy. Those around them are not given the choice as to whether they will inhale the toxic air. With the increasing evidence of the dangers of smoking and second-hand smoke, there is no longer a place for smoking in society. Thesis-It is imperative that the federal government bans the sale of cigarettes to promote the safety of its citizens. Concession and Rebuttal: 1. Smokers believe they have the freedom to smoke as the U. S. provides freedom of choice; therefore, as citizens, they have the right to smoke if they so choose. 2. Nonetheless, their freedom to smoke impedes other citizens’ liberties as they do not get to choose whether or not to inhale air contaminated with second hand smoke that may be harmful to their health. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive outline or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. According to www. smoking-facts.net, 3,000 nonsmoking adults die of diseases caused by exposure to second hand smoke every year. If given the freedom to choose, an individual would not put their health at risk and choose to breathe second hand smoke. 5- 8. Repeat process with a 2nd concession and rebuttal 9. In order to protect all citizens, the federal government must eliminate the sale of cigarettes within American society. Body Paragraphs: Paragraph #1-More importantly, smoking-related problems among children require they be protected by the law. 1. behavioral problems. Karl Hill, a research associate professor at the University of Washington’s Social Development Research Group states, â€Å"If your parents were smokers it is a double whammy because you are more likely to use drugs in general and even more likely to smoke cigarettes. (http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/49400. php) Hill and Jennifer Bailey, a UW research scientist, conducted a study exploring smoking, heavy drinking and marijuana use across three generations. Their findings indicate that the children of a parent who uses any of these substances are more likely to smoke, binge drink or use marijuana in adolescence and adulthood. Children whose parents smoke in their presence are being set up to repeat the same behavior or even worse, turn to harder drugs. Consequently, a child’s behavior may be damaged by their parent’s smoking habit. c. The researchers also found a link to child behavior problems such as conduct disorder (getting into fights, stealing), attention deficit disorder (lack of focus, cant sit still or maintain attention) and oppositional defiant disorder (problems with authority). d. If the child does not end up acquiring their own smoking habit, their behavior in general is harmed. They are at a disadvantage to succeed in life while their parents freely practice their personal freedom. 2. life-long health issues a. College students who were exposed to high levels of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as children maintained higher blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate at rest and during psychological stress compared to students who grew up with low levels of ETS (http://www. scienceblog. com/community/older/1999/C/199902721. html) b. The tobacco smoke in the home environment has a lasting effect on the children who inhale it. As adults they cannot escape the harm the second hand smoke causes. Life is full of challenges and obstacles, parents who smoke only create more problems for their children. If parents are incapable of modeling appropriate behavior, the government must intervene and not allow adults’ cigarette smoke to be a detriment to a child’s future. Paragraph #2- In addition to protecting the health of innocent children, the environment needs sheltering from the destructive smoke cigarettes produce. Pollution a. ETS has been shown to produce more particulate-matter (PM) pollution than an idling low-emission diesel engine. b. With the increasing depletion of air quality and the ozone, banning cigarettes can aid in safeguarding the environment for future generations. c. Aside from the emission of smoke, the packaging used for cigarettes defiles the ecosystem: 2 billion empty cigarette packs and 50 billion cigarette butts with non-biodegradable filters are disposed of each year. The government’s prohibiting the sale of cigarettes will undoubtedly save resources that can be used to benefit society rather than wasting them to satiate individuals’ injurious addictions. Conclusion. Cigarettes are destructive to society. The government must intervene for the wellbeing of all of its citizens. Contact local elected officials Participate in local clean up days (beaches, city parks) to properly dispose of cigarette butts Contact the local health department to report public places that do not follow the law about smoking restrictions

Free Essays on Exports Of Columbia, South America

On March 1, 1996 and again on February 28, 1997, President Clinton made the decision not to certify Colombia as fully cooperating with the U.S. or taking adequate steps on its own to meet the objectives of the 1988 UN Convention on drugs. The U.S. concluded that there was a lack of effort at the top levels of Colombia's government to push for legislative and judicial reforms to strengthen Colombian government institutions' ability to fight narco-trafficking. Under the certification legislation, the U.S. Government was required to halt non-humanitarian and non-counternarcotics aid to Colombia and to vote against loans to Colombia by certain multilateral development banks. U.S. law provides for the discretionary imposition of economic sanctions, which were not imposed. On February 26, 1998, the President determined that the vital national interests of the United States require that U.S. assistance to Colombia be provided to meet the increasing challenges posed to counternarcotics efforts in Colombia. The President thus granted Colombia a national interests certification, which waives the restrictions of decertification and allows for broader U.S. engagement with Colombia in the fight against illegal narcotics. Colombia, along with other drug producing and drug transit countries, will be reviewed for counter-narcotics performance again at by March 1, 1999 and each successive year.... Free Essays on Exports Of Columbia, South America Free Essays on Exports Of Columbia, South America On March 1, 1996 and again on February 28, 1997, President Clinton made the decision not to certify Colombia as fully cooperating with the U.S. or taking adequate steps on its own to meet the objectives of the 1988 UN Convention on drugs. The U.S. concluded that there was a lack of effort at the top levels of Colombia's government to push for legislative and judicial reforms to strengthen Colombian government institutions' ability to fight narco-trafficking. Under the certification legislation, the U.S. Government was required to halt non-humanitarian and non-counternarcotics aid to Colombia and to vote against loans to Colombia by certain multilateral development banks. U.S. law provides for the discretionary imposition of economic sanctions, which were not imposed. On February 26, 1998, the President determined that the vital national interests of the United States require that U.S. assistance to Colombia be provided to meet the increasing challenges posed to counternarcotics efforts in Colombia. The President thus granted Colombia a national interests certification, which waives the restrictions of decertification and allows for broader U.S. engagement with Colombia in the fight against illegal narcotics. Colombia, along with other drug producing and drug transit countries, will be reviewed for counter-narcotics performance again at by March 1, 1999 and each successive year....

13 Funny Thanksgiving Quotes to Keep Fights Off the Table

13 Funny Thanksgiving Quotes to Keep Fights Off the Table Thanksgiving is a time for families to get together, share snippets from their lives and enjoy the company of their dear ones. But what if your Thanksgiving becomes a time for family fights, shouting matches, complaints, and one-upping competition? If you have invited guests over for a Thanksgiving dinner, you can help break the ice with some funny words. However, if you crack jokes about a persons gender, color, or nationality, you may offend some people. The best way to keep the mirth flowing is to use funny words of the famous. Use these quotes smartly and you will have a room full of laughter. Enjoy the warmth of the Thanksgiving holiday with a round of humor. Louie Anderson At Thanksgiving, my mom always makes too much food, especially one item, like 700 or 800 pounds of sweet potatoes. Shes got to push it during the meal. Did you get some sweet potatoes? Theres sweet potatoes. Theyre hot. Theres more in the oven, some more in the garage. The rest are at the Johnsons. Berke Breathed, Bloom County Dear Lord, Ive been asked, nay commanded, to thank Thee for the Christmas turkey before us- a turkey which was no doubt a lively, intelligent bird, a social being, capable of actual affection, nuzzling its young with almost human-like compassion. Anyway, its dead and were gonna eat it. Mitch Hedberg I hate turkeys. If you stand in the meat section at the grocery store long enough, you start to get mad at turkeys. Theres turkey ham, turkey bologna, turkey pastrami. Someone needs to tell the turkey, man, just be yourself. Tony Snow If you think Independence Day is Americas defining holiday, think again. Thanksgiving deserves that title, hands-down. Alistair Cooke It has been an unchallengeable American doctrine that cranberry sauce, a pink goo with overtones of sugared tomatoes, is a delectable necessity of the Thanksgiving board and that turkey is uneatable without it. Phyllis Diller It took me three weeks to stuff the turkey. I stuffed it through the beak. Aaron Neville Its a thanksgiving to God. Its something I have wanted to do for a long time, but the record company wasnt ready for it. So I did it myself. Marilu Henner Its better to pace yourself throughout a big day like Thanksgiving by having something healthful for breakfast and something light for lunch. Rita Rudner Most turkeys taste better the day after; my mothers tasted better the day before. Ted Allen My whole problem is that all of my favorite things at Thanksgiving are the starches, and everyone is trying to go low-carb this year, even a green vegetable has carbs in it. David Letterman Thanksgiving is the day when you turn to another family member and say, How long has Mom been drinking like this? My mom, after six Bloody Marys looks at the turkey and goes, Here, kitty, kitty. Jim Gaffigan Thanksgiving. Its like we didnt even try to come up with a tradition. The tradition is, we overeat. Hey, how about at Thanksgiving we just eat a lot? But we do that every day! Oh. What if we eat a lot with people that annoy the hell out of us? David Letterman When I was a kid in Indiana, we thought it would be fun to get a turkey a year ahead of time and feed it and so on for the following Thanksgiving. But by the time Thanksgiving came around, we sort of thought of the turkey as a pet, so we ate the dog. Only kidding. It was the cat.

Does the ultra vires doctrine provide the best justification for Essay

Does the ultra vires doctrine provide the best justification for judicial review in the British constitution - Essay Example Accordingly, the preservation of separation of powers is essential as a check on autocratic power. As such, the doctrine of ultra vires is theoretically vital in serving as a testament to the independence of the judiciary in its role under the fundamental constitutional separation of powers in ensuring that public bodies, such as government departments, local authorities, tribunals, agencies have not acted ultra vires5. Moreover, the ultra vires doctrine is cited as the first principle of natural justice and the rule of law that public bodies are required to act within the scope of the powers allocated to them by Parliament6. The incorporation of the European Convention of the Human Rights (implemented through the Human Rights Act 1998) further requires judicial review to ensure that public authorities do not â€Å"act in a way which is incompatible with a convention right7†. Indeed, Doctor Yardley asserts that judicial review is â€Å"the ultimate safeguard for the ordinary citizen against unlawful action by †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.the more powerful administration8†. Alternatively it has been argued that the ultra vires doctrine is inherently limited by enabling a process by which courts scrutinise and consider the validity of the manner in which public authorities have made a decision9. The essence of judicial review is to ensure that public authorities act appropriately in exercising their duty10 regardless of the merits of the decision, which in itself begs the question as to the efficacy of the judiciary’s role under the separation of powers to truly act as a curb on the legitimacy of abuses of power by the executive11. This is further compounded by the fact that the judiciary has evolved and expanded the parameters of the ultra vires doctrine on an ad hoc basis in order to circumvent the inherent limitations of judicial review12.

BAN - A Logic of Authentication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

BAN - A Logic of Authentication - Essay Example As a result, Borrows, Abadi and Needham formulated a logic of belief and action, to address these errors. The logic allows people to formally describe the beliefs of trustworthy parties involved in these authentication protocols, thus uncovering subtleties, redundancies and flaws through an analysis of the protocols’ syntax and semantics. Borrows, Abadi and Needham take four published protocols into account, in order to show how they illustrate the appropriateness of this logical method of analysis. But how sound is the logic that they are proposing? How far can a vague and ambiguous logic take us? This paper aims to introduce the famous BAN (Borrows, Abadi and Needham) logic and it’s use on one of the published protocols (i.e. Kerberos), to discuss the logic’s success, its successors, and to review the critiques made on the logic. This paper is based on the article †A Logic of Authentication† published in 1989 by the authors Michael Burrows, Martin A badi and Roger Needham, University of Cambridge. The paper was nominated for publication in TOCS by the Program Committee for the ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, December 1989. The three authors completed part of this work at Digital Equipment Corporation and part at the University of Cambridge. 2 Chapter 2 Introduction In this chapter a brief introduction to the basic principles of the BAN logic is discussed as well as a short section about security protocols. 2.1 An Introduction to Borrows, Abadi, Need- ham (BAN) Logic The BAN Logic is named after Borrows, Abadi and Needham. The logic is, as they stated, a logic of belief and action. It contains no logical inversions; therefore it cannot be used to prove that a protocol is flawed. But when proof, that a protocol is correct, cannot be obtained, that protocol deserves to be treated with suspicion [?]. In other words BAN logic does not aim to prove the security of a protocol; it can only catch certain kinds of s ubtle errors, help us to reason about the protocol, and help us identify and formalize our assumptions and analysis. Details of the BAN logic such as the idealization of protocol transactions, along with the various inference rules, will be discussed on the later sections. The authors of †A Logic of Authentication† introduce the BAN logic to protocol designers whom they believe are inappropriately copying available techniques; thus coming up with protocols containing many security flows. The authors explain the basic notation of the logic and five rules that are applied to analyze protocols. Afterwards, they move on to actually idealize different existing protocols to conclude that such a simple logic can capture subtle differences between protocols. If there is one thing that the authors forgot to mention, that would be the basic definitions of frequently used terms. So in this paper I will try my best to define those terms. 3 CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTION 4 2.1.1 Security Pr otocols A security protocol usually uses cryptography to distribute messages, authenticate the communicating parties and protects data over an insecure network. It can be defined as a set of transactions or traces. Each transaction consists of a series of communication events, some of which are perhaps interleaved protocol runs. Every desirable