Midnight in Paris Analysis Essay

In the movie â€Å"Midnight in Paris†, there are a lot of interesting sights in the most beautiful city in the world. During the film, Woody Allen showed us how Paris is beautiful in the morning, charming in the afternoon, and enchanting in the evening, but it is magic and has a lot of surprising things after midnight. Starting with the Eiffel Tower, there were a lot of iconic shots of Paris at its most touristic points like its beautiful streets under the rain, the famous river in the city ‘La seine ‘, and the broad gardens that makes this city the most beautiful destination for the famous artists who were looking for a quiet place to develop their talent as writers. The movie is a nice combination of Paris in 2010 and Paris in the past, when the famous artists and writers were there like Ernest Hamingway, F Scott Fitzgerald, Picasso, Gertrud Stein, and Salvador Dali. Throughout the movie the director didn’t just show us Paris and its tourist locations, but also took us to destinations out of the city such as Versailles and Monet’s gardens in Giverny. Then, there were all the warmly lit shots of the cafes, restaurants, and the famous shops such as Coco Channel and Dior. In addition, the beauty of the sights and the photos grabbed the viewer’s attention to want to watch this movie and to discover a lot of more information about some of the most famous artists in the early 19th century. The movie â€Å"Midnight in Paris†, had succeed with participation of group of people who were capable and successful in their job as artists. The writer and director was Woody Allen, and the lead actors were: Owen Wilson, Rachel Mc Adams, and Kathy Bates. The cast was by Marian Cotillard, Michael Sheen, Adrien Brody, and Alison Pill. The studio was Gravier Production, Mediapro, Televisio de catalunya TV3, and it was made in May 20, 2011 by Sony Pictures Classics. The romantic comedy fantasy film had many unbelievable moments starting by discovering the city in the moment to traveling back in time each night after midnight. On one hand, the movie had a lot of interesting moments between the past and the present. The story was about an American family who went to France for a business trip, and the two young people Gil and his fiancee were engaged to be married even though their mentality and their thinking were different. She used to argue with him all the time and she didn’t like him to be a writer as much as to work in Hollywood. Gil was the kind of person who likes to write and to be a successful writer, and by the time he was in Paris, he believed that this ity is the only place he will find himself in. Suddenly, and while he was walking around the Parisian streets, he found himself coming back in time to the 19th Century when all the famous writers and painters were there. Thus, this moment Gil had a big change in his life. Starting by breaking up with his fiancee and falling in love with a French woman. He found himself with the stars of art in Paris in its golden time, and he didn’t believe that he had a lot of conversations with the best writer ever, Ernest Hamingway. On the other hand, Paris in its golden time was the best destination for a lot of artists around the world. Ernest Hamingway was an American author and journalist who chose to live in the city of art, Paris in the golden age. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of these are considered classics of American literature. Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school, he reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star before leaving for the Italian front to enlist with the World War I ambulance drivers. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel, A Farewell to Arms. In 1922, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives. The couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent, and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s â€Å"Lost Generation† expatriate community. The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway’s first novel, was published in 1926. In my opinion as a viewer, Hemingway was one of the most interesting personalities in the movie because he had made a change on lot of artists after him and he was a good example for those want to be successful in their life as a Gil, and the most interesting part in the movie was the conversation that was in the old Peugeot car when they were talking about men and their fear of death. Lastly, â€Å"Midnight in Paris†, had package of information everyone should know. Thus, I recommend watching this movie, because it wasn’t just a story like what we usually see in other films, but had much information about some famous artists in the 19th century. Also, we went back with the movie to see how those people used to live in nice and quiet world especially in the art city. Personally, I liked the movie from the beginning to the end, because and while I was watching it, I enjoyed its quiet music they used to listen to. The music and the rain in the Parisian streets had made a beautiful picture about this city and also I enjoyed seeing some touristical places I had visited while I was in vacation there. In addition, I liked the story about Gil and how he was encouraging himself to get on the right way in the art, by having a good self-esteem, even though he had a lot of obstacles with his fiancee and her parents.

Virgin Mobile Usa Analysis

Virgin Mobile USA Analysis [pic] August 08, 2009 Table of Contents Table of Contents2 Introduction3 Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE Matrix)4 External Factor Evaluation (EFE Matrix)5 Porter’s Five Forces6 Porters Generic Forces6 Financial Analysis7 Competitive Profile Matrix8 The Marketing Mix-The 5 P's9 Key Issues10 Boston Consulting Group (BCG Matrix)11 GE / McKinsey Matrix12 Space Matrix14 Recommendations16 Introduction Virgin Mobile is a great company that has been successful based in the U. K. The company is well known for its brand extension and was the first company to introduce the Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) in the U. K. , where they leased network space form another firm instead of running a network in-house and as a result avoiding infrastructure and large fixed cost. The company was well known for its hip and trendy position in the U. K. , and catered to the youth market. Although they have had a couple failures in the past including launching the MVNO in Singapore, the company decided to venture into the U. S. Virgin Mobile positions itself to come up with an appealing offer and ensure a run rate of one million subscribers in the first year and three million by the fourth year. Keeping with the brand strategy and philosophy of making a difference, it enters areas, which are not well served which in this case is the age group of 15-29 due to their low frequency of usage and poor credit rating. While targeting this segment lifestyle and psychographics factors are important as usage is inconsistent, and based on school and, vacation periods. Virgin customers are attracted to the products and services because of the flexible monthly terms, easy to understand pricing structures, stylish handsets offered at affordable prices and relevant mobile data and entertainment content. Virgin offers products and services on a flat per-minute basis and on a monthly basis for specified quantities, or â€Å"buckets†, of minutes purchased in advance in each case, without requiring customers to enter into long-term contracts or commitments (Virgin Mobile USA). Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE Matrix) Internal Factor Evaluation | |Matrix (IFE Matrix) | |CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS |Weight |Rating |Weighted Score | |What are those factors in the internal environment which are critical to the future success of the |Relative |How well has the firm, | ; 2. 50 = the firm and | |organization? Importance of that|or its strategies, |its strategies are not | |Does management have control over them? (The answer should be yes) |factor in the |res ponded to the |capitalizing on | | |firm's industry |factor? |opportunities or avoiding| | |0=Not Important; |1 = poor response |threats. | | |1=Very Important |2 = average response |> 2. 0 = the firm, and/or| | |or Critical |3 = above average |its strategies, is/are | | | |response |responding well to | | | |4 = superior response |threats and opportunities| | | | |in its industry. |STRENGTHS |   |   |   | |Virgin brand name [Globally recognized brand name] |0. 25 |4 |1 | |Competitive Price of Phone Package |0. 03 |2 |0. 06 | |On-line Store 24/7 |0. 2 |2 |0. 04 | |Excellent Sales Promotions |0. 1 |3 |0. 3 | |Pro-active and quick to act |0. 12 |3 |0. 36 | |Friendly staff – Good at understanding and meeting customer needs |0. 04 |3 |0. 2 | |Targeting a narrow target market [less advertising costs] |0. 02 |4 |0. 08 | |50-50 joint venture with Sprint no worry for fixed costs or physical structure |0. 1 |4 |0. 4 | |An exclusive multiyear content and marketing agreement with MTV networks to deliver music, games and|0. 05 |4 |0. | |other MTV-, VH1-, and Nickelodeon based content to Virgin Mobile subscribers | | | | |Unique mobile features and extras |0. 02 |3 |0. 06 | |Channel strategy that is more closely aligned to its target market selection. |0. 02 |3 |0. 06 | |Unique image youth oriented other providers focus on business people. 0. 02 |3 |0. 06 | |Unique advertising strategy |0. 02 |4 |0. 08 | |WEAKNESSES |   |   |   | |Limited [Low] advertising budget |0. 3 |4 |0. 52 | |No contract option means that there is a chance of having higher churn rates. |0. 01 |3 |0. 03 | |New Foreign Brand associated with Music/Travel |0. 01 |2 |0. 02 | |CBD Location is busy/inconvenient for Suburb Customers |0. 02 |1 |0. 2 | |Mobile Coverage |0. 01 |1 |0. 01 | |Separate Billing/Account information (More Direct Mail) |0. 01 |2 |0. 02 | |Total |1 |   |3. 44 | |   |   |   |3. 4 > 2. 5 | Virgin Mobile exhibited internal weaknesses and strengths wit hin its environment rated above weighted score of 3. 44 on a scale of 1 to 4. This can be attributed to the good leadership that includes friendly staff, the market niche that is image youth oriented, unique advertising strategy, channel strategy on the other hand limited advertising budget, potential higher churn rates and poor mobile coverage expose Virgin Mobile’s weaknesses that must be addressed. External Factor Evaluation (EFE Matrix) |External Factor Evaluation |Matrix (EFE Matrix) | |CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS |Weight |Rating |Weighted Score | |What are those factors in the internal environment which are critical to the future success of|Relative Importance of|How well has the firm, or| < 2. 50 = the firm and its| |the organization? |that factor in the |its strategies, responded|strategies are not | |Does management have control over them? The answer should be no) |firm's industry |to the factor? |capitalizing on | | |0=Not Important; |1 = poor response |opportunities or avoiding | | |1=Very Important or |2 = average response |threats. | | |Critical |3 = above average |; 2. 0 = the firm, and/or | | | |response |its strategies, is/are | | | |4 = superior response |responding well to threats| | | | |and opportunities in its | | | | |industry. |OPPORTUNITIES |   |   |   | |Penetration among consumers 15-29 is significantly lower and the growth rate among this |0. 12 |4 |0. 8 | |demographic is projected to be robust in the next 5 years [this segment hasn’t been targeted | | | | |yet] | | | | |Revenue for mobile entertainment projected to increase steadily over the next few years. |0. 1 |4 |0. | |Open more Virgin Mobile Stores across Capital Cities/Regional Markets |0. 05 |3 |0. 15 | |Integrate into Music/Travel packages |0. 25 |4 |1 | |Wider Mobile Phone Coverage-National & International |0. 1 |3 |0. | |THREATS |   |   |   | |Market seems to have reached maturity |0. 14 |3 |0. 42 | |Market is overcrowded |0. 15 |2 |0. 3 | |Customers ages 15-29 are low value subscribers [don’t use their cell phone regularly] |0. 3 |2 |0. 06 | |Limited National Coverage |0. 01 |2 |0. 02 | |The age group targeted tends to have poor credit quality |0. 03 |3 |0. 09 | |Competition from A T & T, T-Mobile USA, Cellco and Verizon etc |0. 02 |2 |0. 4 | |Total |1 |   |3. 26 | |   |   |   |3. 26 ; 2. 5 | Virgin Mobile’s response to external opportunities and threats within its environment is rated above weighted score of 3. 26 on a scale of 1 to 4. There are wide opportunities for Virgin Mobile to open more Virgin Mobile Stores across Capital Cities/Regional Markets. Make the offers more attractive by Integrating Music/Travel packages. Provide wider Mobile Phone coverage-National & International. On the other hand there are threats that are looming due to the market that seems to have reached maturity and overcrowded. There is limited National coverage which needs to be expanded. There is also Competition from A T & T, T-Mobile USA, Cellco and Verizon etc. These threats must be countered effectively. Porter’s Five Forces Supplier power (Weak) – Lots of cell phone providers, therefore companies like Kyocera lower prices to contract with service providers. Buyer power (Strong) Current cell phone service providers are numerous, which allows for many options for buyers. Barriers to Entry (Weak) – There is nothing that will prevent Virgin from competing to an untapped market. The threat of substitutes (Weak) – There are very few substitutes available that offer mobile and immediate communication. Alternative like pagers are outdated & this target market cannot afford sophisticated PDA service. Degree of Rivalry (Strong) – Competitors have brand recognition in the US and have the majority of the market share. Porters Generic Forces Virgin Mobile applies the three generic strategies. Cost leadership strategy that seeks to minimize costs and maximize profits. For example the company had entered into distribution agreements with Target and Best Buy, both of which charged lower commissions than traditional industry channels $30 per phone, versus an industry average of $100. 6. They also sought to hire talented staff that is friendly and good at understanding and meeting customer needs. In terms of differentiation, the team decided that a key part of the Virgin Mobile service would involve the delivery of content, features, and entertainment, which they called â€Å"VirginXtras. To this end, the company signed an exclusive, multiyear content and marketing agreement with MTV networks to deliver music, games, and other MTV-, VH1-, and Nickelodeon based content to Virgin Mobile subscribers. Therefore Virgin Mobile focuses on unique image that is youth oriented while other providers focus on business people. Virgin Mobile also differentiated it’s service by good customer care. There are advantages and risks exhibited with each strategic option. Virgin Mobile’s opportunities in this market were based on determining the unmet needs and creating new ways or means for satisfying these unmet needs. And it had to be based on buyer types, buyers’ needs and the technological means of satisfying those needs. Virgin Mobile used a more concentrated approached; they identified buyers’ needs by focusing on the age group 15 to 29 with specifically those with no credit and may not have usage or a lot of minutes; The Company put an emphasis on usage of minutes, style, fashion, fun, honesty and great value for money. This segment represented a possible opportunities for market penetration. It identified two attitudinal and lifestyle markets in their chosen segment; those that had no credit and wanted a phone with no contracts but can indulge in text messaging, downloading information into the cell phone and they were more likely to use ring tones, faceplates and graphic and those that wanted a phone as a fashion statement. Even people with similar usage needs, often have differing lifestyles representing various value sets. For example some people have an active lifestyle in which sports and fitness play an important role, while for others, art, fashion and trends may be very important. Financial Analysis Virgin Mobile USA, Inc. Key numbers for fiscal year ending December, 2008: Sales: $1,323. 5M One year growth: 0. 8% Net income: $7. 9M Income growth: 88. 4% AT Mobility Key numbers for fiscal year ending December, 2008: Sales: $124,028. 0M One year growth: 4. 3% Net income: $12,867. 0M Income growth: 7. 7% Cellco Key numbers for fiscal year ending December, 2007: Sales: $43,900. 0M One year growth: 15. 5% T-Mobile USA Key numbers for fiscal year ending December, 2008: Sales: $1,323. 5M One year growth: 0. 8% Net income: $7. 9M Income growth: 88. 4% Verizon Key numbers for fiscal year ending December, 2008: Sales: $97,354. M One year growth: 4. 2% Net income: $6,428. 0M Income growth: 13. 7% Reference: http://www. hoovers. com/virgin-mobile-usa/–ID__156760–/free-co-competitors. xhtml The main competitors are AT&T, Cello, T-Mobile USA and Verizon. Initially, Virgin may have no great profits since they are trying to be the low cost provider. Although they were profitable i n the UK, they have no brand recognition in the US to fall back on. Based data, Virgin Mobile is able to compete effectively with their major competitors as far as sales are concerned. They are also able to do this will less employees, meaning low operating cost. The company’s ability to compete effectively gives a good indication on their ability to keep their current market share and expand operations into new target markets. Competitive Profile Matrix |Competitive Profile Analysis | |Competitive Profile Matrix | | |Virgin Mobile |AT & T |Cingular |Verizon |Sprint | |Critical Success factors |Weight |Rating |W. T. Score | |Overall Market Size |0. 20 |5 |1 | |Annual Market Growth Rate |0. 20 |5 |1 | |Sector Profitability |0. 12 |4 |0. 48 | |Competitive Intensity |0. 14 |1 |0. 4 | |Global Opportunities |0. 12 |4 |0. 48 | |Regulatory Regime |0. 05 |3 |0. 15 | |Opportunity to Differentiate |0. 04 |5 |0. 2 | |Technological Requirements |0. 5 |1 |0. 05 | |Entry Barriers |0. 02 |1 |0. 02 | |Distribution Structure |0. 06 |5 |0. 3 | |Total |1 |   |3. 82 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Business Unit Strength Factors |Factor Weighting |Business Unit Rating |Value | |Market Share |0. 2 |1 |0. 2 | |Share Growth |0. 2 |4 |0. | |Product Quality |0. 05 |2 |0. 1 | |Brand Reputation |0. 1 |1 |0. 1 | |Distribution Network |0. 31 |5 |1. 55 | |Promotional Effectiveness |0. 05 |5 |0. 25 | |Production Capacity |0. 2 |4 |0. 08 | |Cost Management |0. 01 |5 |0. 05 | |R Performance |0. 02 |5 |0. 1 | |Management |0. 04 |4 |0. 16 | |Total |1 |   |3. 39 | [pic] McKinsey model above shows us strong business attractiveness and that the business strength for Virgin Mobile is fairly low. The fact of the matter is that competition in the cellular phone business is strong with many competitors. Currently the top providers operate to benefit themselves and not the consumer with high prices and limited features for the money. Consumers have various choices as far as provider is concerned, but no company has differentiated themselves to benefit the consumer’s pocket. Virgin Mobile must strive to excel. Space Matrix Strategic Position & Action Evaluation [pic]    |   |   |   |   |   | |   |Internal Strategic Position |External Strategic Position | |   |Competitive Advantage |Industry Attractiveness | |   |Ratings |   |   |Ratings |   | | |(-6 worst, -1 Best) | | |(+1 worst, +6 Best) | | |   |-5 |Market share |   |5 |Market Growth potential | |   |-4 |Product quality |   |2 |Profit potential | |   |-3 |Produc t life cycle |   |4 |Financial stability | |   |-5 |Brand & Image |   |5 |Resource utilization | |   |-3 |Customer loyalty |   |2 |Capital intensity | |   |-3 |Technological know-how |   |2 |Barriers to entry | |  Total |-23 |   |  Ã‚  Total |20 |   | |Avg |   |AVG 3. 33|   | |-3. 83 | | | | |   |   |Total axis X score: |-0. 0 |   |   | |Financial Strength |Environmental Stability | |   |Ratings |   |   |Ratings |   | | |(+1 worst, +6 Best) | | |(-6 worst, -1 Best) | | |   |4 |ROI |   |-3 |Technological changes | |   |2 |Leverage |   |-5 |Demand Elasticity | |   |3 |Liquidity |   |-3 |Price range of competition | |   |3 |Capital required/available |   |-6 |Barriers to entry | |   |3 |Ease of market exit |   |-6 |Competitive pressure | |   |2 |Risk involved in business |   |-5 |Price elasticity | |  Ã‚  Total |16 |   |  Ã‚  Total |-28 |   | |Avg |   |Avg |   | |2. 67 | |-4. 67 | | |   |   |Total axi s Y score: |-2. 00 |   |   | With the given the Space Matrix data we realize that the company should pursue a defensive strategy. The implication is that the firm is operating within a market that is experiencing negative to stable growth and that Virgin Mobile is experiencing severe financial constraints. Virgin Mobile knows that the market is saturated and very competitive they went ahead and positioned themselves to pursue their niche in the market share. I recommend applying a combination of retrenchment, divestiture, liquidation and concentric diversification. Recommendations Virgin Mobile wants to compete within a new market and not have the competition beat them in this game. Several options as far as pricing were developed by the company. They can either clone existing prices, price below the competition, or create their own unique pricing strategy. Cloning the industry, will not allow them to differentiate themselves in order to stand out from the competition, although, it would be easy to promote. Pricing below the competition would still be copying the competitor’s strategy, but just offering a lower price. Their only differentiating factor would be that they were cheaper. I recommend a different strategy. Creating the new plan would bring about the changes that consumers want such as eliminating contracts, offering pre-paid services, lower priced phones, and eliminating hidden fees. Although this strategy could be risky, they will ultimately do what they set out do which was to gain the market share of the under-30 crowd. With the options that MTV, VH1 and Nickelodeon networks will offer, I believe consumers will see the added value in the product as opposed

A Christmas Carol Analyized English Literature Essay

A Christmas Carol Analyized English Literature Essay Charles dickens novella, ‘A Christmas carol’ has been assembled in a delicate yet powerful in order to have the maximum impact upon the reader. Dickens has constructed the story in ‘staves’ to help support and reinforce the moral message of redemption. A stave is also commonly referred to as a staff it is a musical sheet that consists of 5 lines hence the reason for 5 staves.Charles dickens has cleverly chosen to defiy your stereotypical morale tale as it doesn’t contain chapters but instead staves .Dickens starts with potrayin him a heartless old â€Å"miser’ . Dickens has structured the novel in a effective and powerful way and has used the idea of Christmas a vehicle for his ideas .It is essential for Dickens to convince the reader that scrooge is mean but not evil this because a mean person has the potential to change whereas an evil person doesn’t . It is vital for Dickens to create an self serving character and show that he can b ecome charitable and caring this is so that even the worse can change .Dickens has divided the novel into 5 staves, stave 1 and 5 are a reflection of each other and staves 2, 3, and 4 are the ghosts of Christmas past, present and future. Dickens uses the novella to talk about moral responsibility and should help people less fortunate than us and reflect on it. Two charity workers approach scrooge whether he would donate money for charity and when asked how much money is he willing to give he says â€Å"nothing† the two men misinterpret him thinking that he wishes to remain â€Å"anonymous† .Scrooge replies â€Å"Are there no prisons â€Å"this show that scrooges soul is dead and his ability to be kind and to love Scrooge believed’s that the best way to get rid of the â€Å"Surplus population† as there are to many people. At the first stave Scrooge is presented as being woebegone by Marley the ghost who is condemned for the rest of time to drag heavy pad locks which represents the person he was in life and all the sins he has committed .Scrooge refuses to believe it and calls it † Humbug† which shows that he is completely skeptical. Dickens purposely uses the word â€Å"Humbug† repeatedly through the story so that we can remember scrooge’s ignorance and attitude towards the less fortunate. Marley confronts scrooge â€Å"Charity, mercy, forbearance, and benevolence â€Å"Marley is showing scrooge that’s what your business should be about. The Ghost of Christmas past take Scrooge to see his past .Dickens takes Scrooge to his past to show the audience that he was a decent child but had a tough childhood .At Christmas scrooge was left alone at his boarding school because his father holds a grudge against his as his mother gave birth to him and died. â€Å"A solitary child neglected by his friends is left there still† Even though he is a mean man he still shows emotion â€Å"And he sobbed † .Scrooge was so lonely the only friend he had was his imaginary friend the parrot from treasure island â€Å"There’s the parrot â€Å".Dickens wants the audience to feel sympathy towards scrooge for the childhood he never had .Even scrooge feels he has missed out and pity’s for himself † Poor boy†

Introduction to the lab report on controlling barley powdery mildew Essay

Introduction to the lab report on controlling barley powdery mildew - Essay Example Cultural methods of control: Cultural methods of control of powdery mildew aim to ensure the eradication of inoculums from volunteer cereals and crop debris by disposing them and ensuring the removal of suitable conditions for disease development. Thus volunteer cereals which carry the inoculums through winter are uprooted and removed, and the cleistothecia inhabiting the crop residue too is eradicated by disposing off the crop residue. Other cultural practices used for control of powdery mildew in barley are application of larger quantities of nitrogen fertilizers, crop rotation and late sowing of the crop (Brooks, 1970). Chemical Control: Chemical agents used for control of powdery mildew in barley include azole fungicides and morpholine based fungicides. Systemic treatment of seed with azole fungicide was able to control the disease development on the saplings for a few weeks. Later if the disease appeared the same was applied on the leaves. However, with years of usage the E. gra minis has developed tolerance for this fungicide, thereby limiting their use and efficiency (Brown, 2002). Morpholine based fungicides are now used for chemical control of powdery mildew. ... The first pathway involves resistance imparted by recessive alleles at Mlo locus. It further requires two more host genes namely, Ror1 and Ror2 (Buschages et al., 1997). The resistance resulting as a consequence of this pathway is able to protect barley plant from all powdery mildew strains tested as yet. The other pathway involves collaborative action of multiple race specific resistance genes collectively known as R gene e.g. Mla, Mlg, Mlk etc (Jorgensen, 1994). Resistance imparted by the Mlo locus: Durable resistance The term durable resistance is indicative of the fact that resistance acquired by the plant is and will remain effective against all known and yet to appear varieties of the pathogen. This is the significance of the Mlo allele and the disease resistance imparted by it. Moreover the Mlo mutant allele renders the barley plant resistant exclusively to powdery mildew pathogen and has no effect on the activity of any other disease causing organism. Wild type Mlo allele enc odes a cell membrane receptor protein (Mlo protein) and is the dominant allele. It is the recessive and non functional allele which is responsible for powdery mildew resistance (Buschages et al., 1997). It has been reported that Mlo protein is imperative for the successful colonization of the pathogen in absence of which the fungal spores are unable to penetrate the epidermal cell layer of the host (Buschages et al., 1997). This is unlike the mechanism of resistance development by most resistant imparting genes, i.e. hypersensitivity (Shirasu and Schulze-Lefert, 2000). The first mutant at Mlo locus was introduced in 1942 the mutation caused by application of X-rays, and ever since improvements have been continuously done with

History paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

History paper - Essay Example The Old Town is the location of Albuquerque’s historical buildings. The cities and people of each of these cities have taken the time to preserve their cultural history. Whether changing plans, or moving neighborhoods the historical sites have been protected for the future. All three of the cities mentioned, Albuquerque, Seattle, and Denver, were booming towns that grew into cities. After World War II people left the country for the suburbs. The Southwest was no exception. As the population grew, the cities expanded and rebuilt to accommodate the larger numbers of people. As a result committees formed to protect historical buildings and sites from change or outright demolition. From these protected areas one example will be examined from each city. The Plaza in Old Town will represent the example from Albuquerque. Seattle will be represented by Pioneer Square. Denver’s Union Station will be looked at too. Albuquerque’s Old Town Plaza is really a tourist’s dream of what Albuquerque should look like. Morely explains that Old Town Plaza is what tourists want to see (23). After World War II, Albuquerque decided to make Old Town part of the current Albuquerque. The need to keep it Native was imperative. Adobe structures and stucco were predominating under the new plan. Ordinances were created to prevent modern buildings from looking modern. The reason for the ordinance was to keep Old Town historic. Although modern techniques were applied, the appearance of history was promoted. In order to protect not just Old Town, but all of Albuquerque, rules and regulations were created. These rules were to create the atmosphere of a Latino influenced town. The dominate building on the Old Town Plaza is the San Felipe de Neri Church. This is the oldest building left in Albuquerque. San Felipe de Neri Church was the focal point of Old Town’s community since it was built (Morley 25). The Church has been the true symbol of the

A formal business letter to the Chief Executive of Arsenal FC Essay

A formal business letter to the Chief Executive of Arsenal FC - Essay Example The major external environment forces include; Based on the PESTEL model, Economy is one of the external forces that influence business practices of Arsenal. Change in the UK economy may present both the positive and the negative results to Arsenalii. Therefore, business activities and strategies used by the club should acknowledge the influence of UK economy in the club’s business activities. Growth in economy may present various opportunities to the club. On the other hand, decline in economic growth during instances of recession affects the club’s business objectives in a negative manner. Favorable economic environment is strength to the club. Arsenal generates a substantial amount of income from match ticket sales. In 2011, the audit company, Deloitte, ascertained that the club earned  £93.1 million from ticket sales. With respect to the underlying external factor, ticket purchases depend on the prevailing economic environment. Recession results in low ticket sales. On the other hand, a boom in economy increases ticket sales; hence a subsequent increase in ticket revenue. In addition, economy affects the club’s commercial activities. Sale of property and other merchandise depends on the state of UK economy. Since the club owns property, which includes houses, recession results in poor sales of property. On the other hand, improvement of economy makes fans to buy more merchandise and homes. Finally, the UK economic environment influences player value whereby growth in economy results in a subsequent increase in player value. Consequently, the club may not be in a position to sustain quality players due to exorbitant wagesiii. Technology is another external force that influence business practices of Arsenal. In the contemporary business platform, technology plays a significant role in communication. In this regard, Arsenal adopts modern technological tools in conducting some of the business

The Impact of the 2011 Summer Floods in Brisbane Case Study

The Impact of the 2011 Summer Floods in Brisbane - Case Study Example There were two major floods recorded in Brisbane, Queensland in 2011. One included a series of floods which occurred on 10th January in the Lockyer Valley and the city of Toowoomba. This was followed by a devastating flood occurred in the city of Brisbane on 13th January 2011. The Brisbane flood of 2011 was the second biggest flood in the city in the 20th century. The Brisbane Flood was one of the series of floods that occurred in Queensland from 2010-2011. The Brisbane River Catchment area has been a sensitive area with respect to floods (Crompton, McAneney, Chen, Pielke and Haynes, 2010). In the 2011 Brisbane flood, major flooding was noted in most parts of the Brisbane River Catchment, especially in major tributaries of Brisbane River like Bremer River and Lockyer Creek. The flood led to the loss of one life in Brisbane and more than 23 lives in the valley of Lockyer. It was estimated that 18000 properties were submerged by the immensely high flood heights in metropolitan Brisbane and many parts of the Brisbane River Valley. All the houses in the floodplain area were highly damaged with some being completely washed away by the flood. The recorded height of the flood was 14.6 feet in the proper city areas which were estimated to be the 10th highest flood level in the history of floods in the Brisbane city. Major parts of the city were submerged under water and evacuation centers and rescue teams were launched by the government of Australia to manage the disastrous consequences of this flood. The flood not only led to the loss of lives and property but it also had profound impacts on the psychological and physical health of the residents in Brisbane (Alderman, Turner, and Tonga, 2013). In total, more than 200,000 people were affected in varied ways by the Brisbane flood. A commercial loss of around USD 4 billion was recorded across different sectors like tourism, mining, and agriculture. The flood caused the inundation of 3570 business and commercial premises and caused the damage of 1900 kilometers of roads in Brisbane city.

Surging poverty in a key to crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Surging poverty in a key to crime - Essay Example You will not be permitted or approved to walk that street, you are not even allowed to sit or sleep and it is strictly prohibited for you to roam around like a normal citizen of the society. This forces me to ask a simple question that is being poor a crime itself or is being poor a doorway to crime? If questioned, City officials come up with a self-satisfactory answer that the State’s laws are constituted in a way, not to discriminate. They have their own way of explaining it. If someone is lying down on some random sidewalk, whether that someone is wealthy or a homeless, he has violated the ordinance. Another way these officials put up the law and equality is by saying that it actually forbids both, the rich and the poor to sleep under bridges. This arouses a thought: why would the wealthy even consider of sleeping under a bridge when he knows he has a better, luxurious and comforting place to spend his night. Moreover, the recent study indicates that poverty has intensified as recession has continued to eliminate jobs, thus generating higher poverty ratio. Deriving information from the study highlighting poverty and homelessness, conducted by the National Law Center shows that the statistics of poor public have continuously increased since the year 2006. As a result, a higher ticketing ratio and an increased number of arrests have been observed. People have been ‘taken in’ for more neutral violations such as littering, holding an open bottle of alcohol or jaywalking (Ehrenreich 2009). Therefore, the connection between the two, poverty and crime has been a controversial debate. However, it can be said that in our country there is an obvious relationship between them.  Poor in our society make up the overflowing majority (Williams 2007). It is well said that an improved society can be evaluated by how it administers the poor. In the light of this saying, the Americans are a hopeless failure. Current situation indicates that on a nationwid e scale, up to 20% of children reside in poverty. In Los Angeles, almost 30% of children suffer from poverty (Holmes 2002). The brutality of the official’s temperament towards the poor, indigent and homeless in our society can at times be breathtaking. ‘Food Not Bombs’ was the name of a group that started to function a few years back. The group’s motive was to feed the poor in the society and therefore, launched free vegetarian food in public parks, with a hope to serve hungry people nationwide. Not long after, when this activity was initiated, many cities including Las Vegas approved an ordinance that forbade food sharing with the hungry and poor in public places. As an outcome, most members of this public service group were taken into custody. This is yet another cause that further spoils our social situation. Such acts play an important part towards criminalizing people (Ehrenreich 2009). Furthermore, criminal justice professors and sociologists have fo und mutuality between poverty and crime.  Logically people who are victims of poverty are much likely to be connected and involved in criminal acts such as street crimes, larceny, burglary and shoplifting. As per the evaluations, city of Detroit is one of the poorest regions in America and  Michigan’s economy is estimated to have the worst economic conditions as compared

Summary of Articles Concerning Semiotic Pedagogy Annotated Bibliography

Summary of Articles Concerning Semiotic Pedagogy - Annotated Bibliography Example In the past, learning art only entailed being taught the history of art, art aesthetics, and art criticism. This approach relied on the concept of art being a disciplinary subject where signs and codes were disregarded. However, involving semiotics enables the development of this approach in order to perceive art as interdisciplinary. In other words, Smith argues that art also involves the coding and decoding of visual culture. This approach has largely depended on the current technological innovations, especially in the IT sector. Charles Pierce, in the nineteenth century, predicted this development in the literature by saying that further instructions in the process of teaching and learning will need to be included n the future as the world evolved. For instance, art teachers base their ideas on their own reflections, experiences, and interests. Understanding, thinking, and making connections between these factors enable their ideas to make sense. Moreover, Pierce argues that these factors describe the goals of contemporary semiotic pedagogy. The author tries to aid the location of the exact intersection points of semiotics and art education. Furthermore, other than find this point of intersection, Smith-Shank (2003), seeks to identify the signs backed by symbols in different cultures that contribute to the formation of art education. Therefore, this research aims at discovering the fine art and artifacts, inclusive of cultures that contributed to their formation and pinpointing their relevance in art education. On attainment of this relevance supported by the surrounding values, then it can be incorporated in art education for purposes of instilling knowledge or such. Moreover, for decades now, art serves the purpose of bridging the transmission of diverse cultures in different communities.

Research paper on unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research paper on unemployment - Essay Example According to BLS, those who are qualified for employment are those civilians aged 16 years and above. The employed are those aged 16+ and were working for pay during the survey period or those who did at least 15 hours unpaid work in family owned enterprises. The unemployed on the other hand, refer to those who did not have a job but had been actively looking for work four weeks prior to survey and are currently available to work. The labor force comprises all those employed and unemployed and these amounted to 155 million people out of U.S population of approximately 315 million people in 2013 (BLS, nap). Those not looking for a job such as the retired or schooling are not part of the labor force since they are neither employed nor unemployed. For those who are involuntarily unemployed, they receive government benefits in the form of unemployment insurance (UI) to compensate for lost income (Bakke 734). However, the voluntarily unemployed comprising of those dismissed for gross misc onduct, those who leave work without a good cause, and those who refuse to work do not qualify for UI. The UI eligibility rules also exclude independent contractors, self-employed and agricultural laborers. The basic duration of regular state benefits in U.S is 26 weeks (737). The problem with these definitions is that they ignore those who have given up looking for work but are willing to work and also those in part-time employment and would like to engage in full-time employment as they are counted as employed. Furthermore, the BLS telephone surveys which are carried out every month do not consider those who do not have telephones especially the poor hence they may not be representative of the population. However, over time the results reflect what is happening in the economy and now the big question is; what causes unemployment? One of the major factors that cause unemployment is the

Analysis of Dance Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Dance Essay The type of dance I attended was a mix of ballet and modern. This involved group performances as well as individual performances. For the purpose of this paper I will narrow my observations to an individual performance of both ballet and modern and a group performance of both. Dance has the ability to draw it’s viewer in, by captivating the audience with the amount of grace, coordination and talent it’s dancers display. The lines a dancer created with their body is nothing short of amazing. Almost every type of person could appreciate something about dance. One of the first dances of the night was a ballet done, by a 9 year old girl. As she entered the dance area, it became very silent in the auditorium. You could almost hear a needle drop. Her costume was simple, dark in color, not shinny, as if not to distract the audience from her performance. Her white tights provided a focal point drawing the audience to watching the delicate moves she was executing with her legs. She started in first position quickly transitioning to 3rd and before you knew it she was spinning around on only one foot, pointing her toe towards the audience. She had a brief moment where it appeared that she fell out of pose, but immediately pulled herself back together, executing the next pose with perfection. Her face remained unchanged throughout the entire performance. She demonstrated perfect C shaped arms as she held them in the air bringing all her weight from her heels to the tips of her toes. This performance was very impressive for such a young girl. What I sometimes miss it facial expressions, but I suppose by the absence of expression the girl is allowing your mind to go wherever the music takes you. The next performance came from a 15 year old girl and best fit the description of modern dance. Her costume was bright, shinny, and created the illusion of movement. Many of the movements executed by this performer involved being on the floor, or bending over. Her arm movements were not as precise. It was as if a choreographer told her she could place her arms however she wished, in stark contrast to the ballet dance that required very precise movements. This dance appeared much slower. I did not enjoy this dance as much as I felt the bold costume and music distracted the viewers from the talent behind the dancer. She too was expressionless when she danced. The way the stage lights reflected off her costume created a glowing effect on the dancer. The group ballet was absolutely beautiful. Some of the dancers started as if they were asleep or dead, all bent over, while other dancers began in the upright position. As the dancers began to move across the stage, the dancers in the downward position began to arise. It created the illusion that the dancers were giving life to an otherwise lifeless creature. They all began dancing in unison across the stage, with pose and grace, up on their toes. They were always careful to have the correct position with their arms and legs, and toes pointed. They made this type of dancing look effortless, while executing it with such precision. No one fell out of pose during this dance, everyone knew their place and performed with great precision. As the dance ended they all went into a downward pose, creating the illusion that they were all lifeless again. What a brilliant analogy, this dance presented. Many things around us are lifeless, dull and boring, it is the people who occupy the space that gives it life and meaning. Just like dance gives life and many to those who watch it or perform it. The last dance was the group modern dance. This was my least favorite. I would almost say that it appeared sloppy and ill choreographed. At times I wondered if the girls were supposed to be doing the same movements and some were behind or if it was meant to look like a ripple effect. It did not look like either to me. Through watching these dances it became very obvious to me that I prefer ballet to modern dance. I was uncertain of the reason until the lady seated behind me said,† I loved their modern group dance†. I thought I miss heard her, but yes that was what she said. She even went on to say that they had won a competition doing that very dance. It was at that point I realized dance is for everyone. While I prefer the more precise movements, other people can enjoy the chaos of modern dance. I tend to be a perfectionist and I had nothing to gage the movements of the modern dance on. But I loved the ballet where you could tell when perfect pose was achieved. So I do believe a dance recital like this should appeal to all types of people, offering a great variety.

College Degree Essay Example for Free

College Degree Essay When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one person to dissolve the bands which has connected him to a low paying career with little hope for advancement, and to assume that the powers that be will not offer him the promotions and recognition that he feels he deserves to which the laws of nature and natures God entitles him, a decent respect to the hope he has for his future requires that he should declare the steps which he will take to achieve the goals which he has set for himself. . I have many goals which I hope to achieve through the attainment of my degrees. For the purpose of this recourse I will delve into three of them. The first goal I have is to attain a higher paying job. The second goal that I have is to work my way into a position of leadership. Finally, neither my father, mother nor brother has gone to college therefore it is my desire to be the first of our family to attain a degree. In the job market today high paying jobs are at a premium. I believe I heard a statistic once that said the average income for a single income home is around fifty-thousand dollars. I have lived in this income bracket and know how difficult it can be to maintain a household on that income. With a house payment and two car payments and everything else that goes into maintaining a home that can quickly drain a families finances. I recently took a higher paying job, in the upper sixties and just that small increase in salary has done wonders for my families cash flow. I hope to attain a position which pays in the nineties to low one-hundreds and beyond. Most jobs which pay high salary require as a requisite that the person in that position has a high level of education. Typically, the higher the level of education the higher the level of pay. I have always had many leadership qualities and I enjoy working with others to help them succeed. Leadership offers a unique opportunity to guide others and help them along their paths of success. I do not measure my personal success on how high of a leadership position that I can attain but rather the number of people that I can help to achieve the goals which they have set for themselves. Whether it be helping others increase knowledge or accomplish goals or just help them along their journey, I know that from a position of leadership I can help others in this way. That is why I wish to be a leader. Many positions of leadership require that you have degrees to go with your experience, so that is how I am hoping that a college degree will help me. Finally, I have a personal goal of being the first in my family to earn a college degree. Being a parent I know now that the old adage is true, parents always want their kids to do better in life than they have done. I know this is true of my parents. They have always hoped that I would do better than them and have always encouraged and supported me along that path. When I look back upon my college career it will be with a sense of pride knowing that this is something that my parents wanted for me just as much as I have desired it. I also know that my parents have a great hope and expectation that I provide a good life for their grandson and while money and recognition are not everything they certainly take some of the burden of raising a child off of you. In summation, all of my goals of earning degrees revolve around my son. When my son was born I immediately knew that I had to return to school. I had been floundering for too long in lower paying positions with little hope for advancement. My father provided a stable home as I was growing up, we never had to worry about money or food. My hope is that I will provide that and more for my family. By attaining a college degree I put my self into a much better position to attain a position which pays higher salaries. Additionally, it will allow me to help others by being in a position of leadership. Finally, the pride that I will have in myself and the pride that I know my parents and family will have in me will make the whole journey that much sweeter.

Report on Critical Review of Binary Search Tree Algorithm

Report on Critical Review of Binary Search Tree Algorithm What is Binary Search Tree? Binary search tree (BST) is a dynamic data structure, which means that its size is only limited by amount of free memory in the computer and number of elements may differ during the program executed. BST has aComparableKey (and an associated value) for each. All elements in its left sub-tree are less-or-equal to the node (, and all the elements in its right sub-tree are greater than the node (>). Assumexbe a node in a binary search tree. Ifyis a node in the left sub-tree ofx,thenkey[y] [x].Ifyis a node in the right sub-tree ofx,thenkey[x] [y]. A main pro of binary search trees is fast searching. There are three type of binary search tree: Inorder traversal Preorder traversal Postorder traversal In inorder traversal, the left sub-tree of the given node is visited first, then the value at the given node is printed and then the right sub-tree of the given node is visited. This process is applied recursively all the node in the tree until either the left sub-tree is empty or the right sub tree is empty. Java code for inorder traversal: public void printInorder(){ printInOrderRec(root); System.out.println(); } /** * Helper method to recursively print the contents in an inorder way */ private void printInOrderRec(Node currRoot){ if ( currRoot == null ){ return; } printInOrderRec(currRoot.left); System.out.print(currRoot.value+, ); printInOrderRec(currRoot.right); } In preorder traversal, the value at the given node is printed first and then the left sub-tree of the given node is visited and then the right sub-tree of the given node is visited. This process is applied recursively all the node in the tree until either the left sub-tree is empty or the right sub tree is empty. Java code for preorder traversal: public void printPreorder() { printPreOrderRec(root); System.out.println(); } /** * Helper method to recursively print the contents in a Preorder way */ private void printPreOrderRec(Node currRoot) { if (currRoot == null) { return; } System.out.print(currRoot.value + , ); printPreOrderRec(currRoot.left); printPreOrderRec(currRoot.right); } In postorder traversal, the left sub-tree of the given node is traversed first, then the right sub-tree of the given node is traversed and then the value at the given node is printed. This process is applied recursively all the node in the tree until either the left sub-tree is empty or the right sub-tree is empty. Java code for postorder traversal: public void printPostorder() { printPostOrderRec(root); System.out.println(); } /** * Helper method to recursively print the contents in a Postorder way */ private void printPostOrderRec(Node currRoot) { if (currRoot == null) { return; } printPostOrderRec(currRoot.left); printPostOrderRec(currRoot.right); System.out.print(currRoot.value + , ); } Full code example for BST //Represents a node in the Binary Search Tree. class Node { //The value present in the node. public int value; //The reference to the left subtree. public Node left; //The reference to the right subtree. public Node right; public Node(int value) { this.value = value; } } //Represents the Binary Search Tree. class BinarySearchTree { //Refrence for the root of the tree. public Node root; public BinarySearchTree insert(int value) { Node node = new Node(value); if (root == null) { root = node; return this; } insertRec(root, node); return this; } private void insertRec(Node latestRoot, Node node) { if (latestRoot.value > node.value) { if (latestRoot.left == null) { latestRoot.left = node; return; } else { insertRec(latestRoot.left, node); } } else { if (latestRoot.right == null) { latestRoot.right = node; return; } else { insertRec(latestRoot.right, node); } } } //Returns the minimum value in the Binary Search Tree. public int findMinimum() { if (root == null) { return 0; } Node currNode = root; while (currNode.left != null) { currNode = currNode.left; } return currNode.value; } //Returns the maximum value in the Binary Search Tree public int findMaximum() { if (root == null) { return 0; } Node currNode = root; while (currNode.right != null) { currNode = currNode.right; } return currNode.value; } //Printing the contents of the tree in an inorder way. public void printInorder() { printInOrderRec(root); System.out.println(); } //Helper method to recursively print the contents in an inorder way private void printInOrderRec(Node currRoot) { if (currRoot == null) { return; } printInOrderRec(currRoot.left); System.out.print(currRoot.value + , ); printInOrderRec(currRoot.right); } //Printing the contents of the tree in a Preorder way. public void printPreorder() { printPreOrderRec(root); System.out.println(); } //Helper method to recursively print the contents in a Preorder way private void printPreOrderRec(Node currRoot) { if (currRoot == null) { return; } System.out.print(currRoot.value + , ); printPreOrderRec(currRoot.left); printPreOrderRec(currRoot.right); } //Printing the contents of the tree in a Postorder way. public void printPostorder() { printPostOrderRec(root); System.out.println(); } //Helper method to recursively print the contents in a Postorder way private void printPostOrderRec(Node currRoot) { if (currRoot == null) { return; } printPostOrderRec(currRoot.left); printPostOrderRec(currRoot.right); System.out.print(currRoot.value + , ); } } //Main method to run program. class BSTDemo { public static void main(String args []) { BinarySearchTree bst = new BinarySearchTree(); bst .insert(10) .insert(40) .insert(37) .insert(98) .insert(51) .insert(6) .insert(73) .insert(72) .insert(64) .insert(99) .insert(13) .insert(9); System.out.println(The Binary Search Tree Example); System.out.println(Inorder Traversal:); bst.printInorder(); System.out.println(Preorder Traversal:); bst.printPreorder(); System.out.println(Postorder Traversal:); bst.printPostorder(); System.out.println(); System.out.println(The minimum value in the BST: + bst.findMinimum()); System.out.println(The maximum value in the BST: + bst.findMaximum()); } } Output example Linear Search Algorithm Linear search, also known as sequential search, is a operation that checks every element in the list sequentially until the target element is found. The computational complexity for linear search isO(n),making it mostly much less efficient than binary searchO(log n).But when list items can be arranged in order from greatest to lowest and the possibility appear as geometric distribution (f (x)=(1-p) x-1p, x=1,2),then linear search can have the potential to be greatly faster than binary search. The worst case performance scenario for a linear search is that it needs to loop through the entire collection; either because the item is the last one, or because the item isnt found. In other words, if havingNitems in the collection, the worst case scenario to find an item isNiterations. This is known asO(N)using theBig O Notation. The speed of search grows linearly with the number of items within the collection. Linear searches dont require the collection to be sorted. Example java program to show linear search algorithm class LinearSearchDemo { public static int linearSearch(int[] array, int key) { int size = array.length; for(int i=0;i { if(array[i] == key) { return i; } } return -1; } public static void main(String a[]) { int[] array1= {66,42,1,99,59,53,16,21}; int searchKey = 99; System.out.println(Key +searchKey+ found at index: +linearSearch(array1, searchKey)); int[] array2= {460,129,128,994,632,807,777}; searchKey = 129; System.out.println(Key +searchKey+ found at index: +linearSearch(array2, searchKey)); } } Output example Why Linear Search? Alinear searchlooks down a list, one item at a time, without skipping. In complexity terms this is an O(n) search where the time taken to search the list gets bigger at the same rate as the list does. Binary searchtree when starts with the middle of a sorted list, and it see whether thats greater than or less than the value it looking for, which determines whether the value is in the first or second half of the list. Skip to the half way through the sub-list, and compare again. In complexity terms this is an O(log n) search where the number of search operations grows more slowly than the list does, because it is halving the search space with each operation. For example, suppose to search for U in an A-Z list of letter where index 0-25 and the target value at index 20. A linear search would ask: list[0] == U? False. list[1] == U? False. list[2] == U? False. list[3] == U? False. . .. †¦ list[20] == U? True. Finished. The binary search would ask: Comparelist[12](M) with U: Smaller, look further on. (Range=13-25) Comparelist[19](T) with U: Smaller, look further on. (Range=20-25) Comparelist[22](W) with U: Bigger, look earlier. (Range=20-21) Comparelist[20](U) with U: Found it. Finished. Comparing the two: Binary search requires the input data to be sorted but linear search doesnt. Binary search requires anorderingcomparison but linear search only requires equality comparisons. Binary search has complexity O(log n) but linear search has complexity O(n). Binary search requires random access to the data but linear search only requires sequential access. (it means a linear search canstreamdata of arbitrary size) Divide and Conquer Algorithm Divide and conquer is a top-down technique for designing algorithms that consists of dividing the problem into smaller sub-problems hoping that the solutions of the sub-problems are easier to find and then composing the partial solutions into the solution of the original problem. Divide and conquer paradigm consists of following major phases: Divide Breaking the probleminto several sub-problems that are similar to the original problem but smaller in size. Conquer Solve the sub-problemrecursively (successively and independently). Combine these solutionsto sub-problems to create a solution to the original problem. The similarity with Binary Search Tree, it is a degenerate divide and conquer search algorithm but with no combine phase. It searches for akeyin asortedvector then returning theindexwhere the key was found or return -1 when not found. It also reduces the problem size by half each recursion. The algorithm definition: Divides sorted vector into 2 halves. The lower halves contain values less or equal the key and the higher half values greater than or equal the key. If the low index exceeds the high index the key is not in the vector. Compute the middle index of the vector. If the key equals the value at the middle of the vector, the index of the middle is returned If the key is less than the value at the middle of the vector, the lower half is searched If the key is greater than the value at the middle of the vector, the higher half is searched Only one of the halves is searched, reducing the problem size by half each time. Recursion Technique Recursionis a technique of solving problems that includes breaking down a problem into smaller and smaller sub-problems until get to a small enough problem that it can be solved trivially. Normally recursion includes a function calling itself. While it may not would appear to be much at first glance, recursion allow to write elegant solutions to problems that may otherwise be extremely hard to program. It is very similar with binary search tree that using divide and conquer technique which is breaking down problem into sub-problems. A binary search or half-interval search algorithm discover the position of a specified value within a sorted array. In each step, the algorithm compares the input key value with the key value of the middle element of the array. If the keys match, then a matching element has been found so its index is returned. Otherwise, if the looked key is less than the middle elements key, then the algorithm repeats its action on the sub-array to the left of the middle element or, if the input key is greater, on the sub-array to the right. If the remaining array to be searched is reduced to zero, then the key cannot be found in the array and a special Not found indication is returned. Every repetition eliminates half of the remaining possibilities. This makes binary searches very efficient even for large collections. Binary search requires a sorted collection. Additionally, binary searching can only be applied to a collection that allows random access (indexing). Worst case performance: O(log n) Best case performance: O(1) Recursion is utilized as a part in this algorithm because with each pass a new array is created by cutting the old one in half. The binary search procedure is then called recursively, this time on the new array. Commonly the arrays size is adjusted by manipulating a beginning and ending index. The algorithm exhibits a logarithmic order of growth because it essentially divides the problem domain in half with each pass. Conclusion The conclusion is there is never be the best approach to follow blindly, each of these algorithms has its pros and cons. So, if there is any scenario or problem, it should be analyze first and adopt one of these algorithms to find what’s suit. REFERENCE Implement Binary search in java using divide and conquer technique. Java search algorithm programs. 2014. [ONLINE] Available at:http://java2novice.com/java-search-algorithms/binary-search/. [Accessed 26 October 2014]. Best searching algorithm | java coding algorithms. 2014 [ONLINE] Available at:http://tekmarathon.com/2012/10/05/best-searching-algorithm-2/. [Accessed 26 October 2014]. Linear Search. 2014.Linear Search. [ONLINE] Available at:http://algorithms.openmymind.net/search/linear.html. [Accessed 26 October 2014]. Java Recursion with examples. 2014. [ONLINE] Available at:http://danzig.jct.ac.il/java_class/recursion.html. [Accessed 26 October 2014]. Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms. 2014.Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.personal.kent.edu/~rmuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/divide.htm. [Accessed 26 October 2014]. Binary Search Trees. 2014.Binary Search Trees. [ONLINE] Available at:http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~vernon/cs367/notes/9.BST.html. [Accessed 27 October 2014]. Binary Trees . 2014.Binary Trees. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~adamchik/15-121/lectures/Trees/trees.html. [Accessed 27 October 2014]. Data structures Why is Binary Search a divide and conquer algorithm? Stack Overflow. 2014. [ONLINE] Available at:http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8850447/why-is-binary-search-a-divide-and-conquer-algorithm. [Accessed 27 October 2014].

Aristotles Logical Foundation of Physiognomics :: Aristotle

Aristotle's Logical Foundation of Physiognomics ABSTRACT: Whenever we meet an unknown person, our first judgment, even unwillingly and often subconsciously, starts from his or her external appearance. Since character can be properly recognized only from words and deeds observed over some time, at first sight we have to rely on what we immediately can see. This physiognomical first approach to each other is as old as humankind, and, though it has never been able to be proved a proper science, in everyday life we all believe in and use physioculture. The earliest extant written work on the subject is the pseudo-Aristotelian treatise Physiognomonica. The author of its first part, in discussing the methodology of the art, refers to Aristotle, who develops the logical foundation of physiognomical inference: as an enthymeme, a syllogism from signs. Yet, concentrating solely on the formal logical analysis, Aristotle does not touch the central point of physiognomics; it C. S. Peirce’s discovery of the triadic relation of the sign t hat was able to shed new light on this central problem and to see physiognomics as a process of semiosis. Thus, Aristotle founded the formal logical basis, from which modern semiotics developed new approaches to physiognomics, taking them in account in several strands of their research. Whenever we meet an unknown person, our first judgement – unwillingly and often subconsciously – starts from his or her external appearance. Almost every aspect of it can be regarded as some kind of clue: for instance, clothing and hairstyle tell something about social status and personal fashion, facial expression and gestures indicate the emotional state of mind, and clinical symptoms allow to diagnose a disease. Yet all those features are superficial and changeable, and therefore don’t tell anything about the inner nature and character of a person, by which we define personality and identity. Since character shows itself only in words and deeds, it would need a long-term observation to detect it (always unrealistically assuming that the character be constant), and still there is hardly a safeguard against wilful deceit. Here, as a short-cut method, physiognomics is used: the art of inferring character from the physique of body and face – especially from those features that can hardly be influenced by their bearer like bone-structure, stature, voice, and the supposedly unconscious parts of body language. An immediate physiognomical inference is necessary for survival in the animal world: to decide at first glance whether the other is prey or predator, friend or foe, that is: whether it is save to stay and to approach or better to flee, to defend or attack.

The Character of Claudius in Shakespeares Hamlet Essays -- GCSE Englis

The Character of Claudius in Hamlet      Ã‚      Shakespeare presents Claudius as a character with many faces yet the audience can clearly understand his motives and ambition throughout the play. His character does however change and we clearly see how his evilness and weakness increases as his need to escape discovery and his clandestine nature in doing so, is revealed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      It is in Act one scene two that we are first introduced to the character of Claudius. The impression made by him is that of a powerful and controlled man who is respected by most. His mannerisms of speech are graceful and are nothing less than the words of a king, 'to bear our heats with grief, and our whole kingdom.' Claudius is presented to us by Shakespeare as a dominant but caring king. He acts in a friendly manner to his subjects "Take thy fair hour, Laertes; thine be thine" and shows warmth to his nephew, " but now my cousin Hamlet, and my son-." To the naked eye of the audience, Claudius may even be seen as a likeable character, but we later understand Shakespeare's use of Claudius's attitude towards his family at this stage, which is unknown to us to be a whole deceitful act. Here we perceive that not only does Claudius have a great knowledge of affairs of state, "now follows that you know young Fortinbras, Holding a weak supposal of our worth." but he is also a g reat actor.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We know as the viewer of this play, that it was Claudius that committed the murder of his brother Hamlet, and that in selfish reason Claudius took to the throne along as marrying Gertrude, the past kings wife. Like the audience of the Elizabethan times, Hamlet is also mystified at this "O hasty marriage." In his superficial speec... ...Faucit, Helena (Lady Martin). On Some of Shakespeare's Characters. 6th ed. London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1899.    Knight, G. Wilson. "The Embassy of Death." The Wheel of Fire. London: Methuen and Co., Ltd., 1954. p. 38-39. http://server1.hypermart.net/hamlet/wheefire.html N. pag.    Mack, Maynard. "The World of Hamlet." Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Madariaga, Salvador de. "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern." "On Hamlet." 2nd ed. London: Frank Cass & Co., Ltd., 1964. p.14-16. http://www.freehomepages.com/hamlet/other/essayson.htm#demag-ess N. pag.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.   

How does creatine affect your body Essay -- essays research papers

How does Creatine affect your body?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How does Creatine affect your body? Creatine affects our body in several different ways. Creatine can provide additional energy for your muscles, volumization of your muscles, buffer lactic acid build-up, and enhance protein synthesis. Creatine can also help stimulate growth in muscles and increase the user's strength, even while doing your normal workouts. Creatine can also be taken in a variety of ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creatine can affect your body in a negative way when taken excessively. Normally, one should not take more than 20 grams at a time. Your liver and kidneys may become damaged from taking too much and can also cause you an upset stomach, muscle pains, diarrhea, and dehydration. However, drinking plenty of water can minimize most of those effects. Creatine has been known to provide additional energy for your muscles. Our body has a compound called ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate), which is an energy-containing compound. The ATP reaction releases energy in the body very quickly. This is a good thing, especially during an intense work out, when your body needs the most energy. Carbohydrates can give you energy, but it comes at a slower pace. When the muscles are using ATP for energy, a chemical process occurs where the ATP is broken down into two simpler chemicals, ADP (adenosine did-phosphate) and inorganic phosphate. This process of ATP turning into ADP releases the energy, which ...

Carbon Credits to Control Emissions

The concept of carbon credits came into existence as a result of increasing awareness of the need for controlling emissions. The mechanism was formalized in the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement between more than 170 countries. The Protocol agreed has fixed quotas on the maximum amount of Greenhouse gases which can be emitted by the developed and developing countries. In turn these countries set quotas on the emissions of installations run by local business and other organizations. Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of industrial greenhouse gas emissions, especially for power, cement, steel, textile, fertilizer and many other industries which rely on fossil fuels (coal, electricity derived from coal, natural gas and oil). The major greenhouse gases emitted by these industries are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs) etc. , all of which increase the atmosphere’s ability to trap infrared energy and thus affect the climate. Each such business has been fixed with specified number of units, otherwise called ‘allowance of credits’, upto which can emit carbon dioxide or other equivalent greenhouse gas. Operators that have not used up their quotas can sell their unused allowances as Carbon Credits, while businesses that are about to exceed their quotas can buy the extra allowances as credits, privately or on the open market. By permitting allowances to be bought and sold, an operator can seek out the most cost-effective way of reducing its emissions, either by investing in ‘cleaner’ machinery and practices or by purchasing emissions from another operator who already has excess ‘capacity’. Banks can use the opportunity for financing machinery for protecting emissions, or for green projects which get certificates for their projects and sell to the companies which exceed their quota of emission and are ready to buy the certificates.

Child Development Holistic Essay

IntroductionI am require to review a merriment body process that I mappingd my empiric skills to innovation for. I decided to do indoor nontextual matter bodily process, which was devising a redbreast with the babyren while observing TC by doing this act whitethorn arrest the textures and warps, and they leave behind displace on a enormous deal and eye co-ordination. The keen, corporal, wrangle, social and emotional utterances everyows us to insure a vogue what boorren understand, how they sound off, what they argon qualified to do, and enkindles argon. This in coordinateation jockstraps us to ready a shit privileged stories of pincerren as cap satis doery and competent s hou c solely(prenominal) forrs in put in to anchorup man further activities and maturation. In doing this, mirror im bestride gave me information to fleet on- acquittance feedback to fryren c put worst how they ar issuance forthting on in their necessitateing, to pro vide enjoyable experiences for them, to take up grant supports for them, and to document, celebrate and plan the next step in their encyclopedism.Aims My frivol natural process was a ro stash a manner, so in this legal action s arrive atrren requirement to set and cut out out a bantam pieces of carbon sheet. This art drill supporting boorrens large and small muscle cherish, as well as their eye- distribute coordination. Using pigmentbrushes, fingers and cut serve ups electric razorren practice the book motor control they allow hold for writing later on. Children were work unneurotic in the art bea , they check off to sh ar and interact with separates , these are Coperni squeeze out changes for social learning. During this act I valued TCs creativity, so I helped him to get valued as corresponding everybody and hopped to raise his self-conceit. After this action mechanism I got better observation and planning skills. hold more(prenominal)How many w ords in 10 chips. be after(prenominal)Before doing that operation I had discussion with my supervisor closely that performance it is propped for squirtren in that age and do she curb any ideas. besides I mustiness to feature a allowance from supervisor and nurtures. After that I lack to plan what equipment I whitethorn use and plan out a re establish of it. I urgency to buy a 20pack of carbon sheets which cost 3.25e, clams written report cost 2.45e, PVA gingiva cost 2.50e and the rest of equipment like brushes, scissors etc. I use a live in the backing so that was no costs. Also I aim help in washing pass on, and I in any show window needed help with supervising my host. And the conk step before my bodily function was to practise sure is everything safe for youngsterren like fore.g. chewing gum was non-toxic, floors are non-slip and is no any gash corners in the board etc. registerDate of observation 04th April 2014Time observation started and ela borationed 12.00a.m. to 1.00p.m. entirely breakd TC 1235-12-1245 second of boorren present xvi churlren did this prevail activity, including TC Number of bigs present 2 and 1 student allowance obtained from supervisorDescription of setting This observation oerlyk nates at the Montessori, the observation as well ask place in the main room of the Montessori, Its a adroit and blanket(a) room. wholly baby birdren were involved in this too . speedy context The Montessori room was a glaring and airy rooms. The observation took place at 1200 in the evening. TC is audience and sitting garbage charter when I was explaining and demonstrating the spiel activity . Brief description of the barbarian keep opend TC is a antheral aged (4). He is a b business and very happy child, he gets on with all his classmates. and loves getting involved al wholeness as well as cigarette get a bit distracted. Aim of observation The experience of this observation is to observe TC fo r a period of 10minutes in order to value his Developments. the guide activity was an hour long. rule It is Coperni washbowl to observe children in order to plan spudmentally appropriate activities for them. system NarrativeTC is sitting nigh the instrument panel along with fellow classmates and is enjoying himself. TC approachinges fellow classmate Why is your Ro store messy? Child X no its not TC yes it is, you painted on the table child X I didnt immoral too. TC turns around and continues to finish his work. He leans everyplace to get well-nigh googly look for his Ro put in. TC I compliments the stupendous ones, hoping that the enlightener or myself would hand them to him. TC gets off his seat an says Ill get them I pauperization to see if thither is two funny ones Child Y haha, Im going to do that too. TC laughs and sits down to book his eye onto his Robin and shouts FINISHED, he past jumps up and shows myself and the teachers his work, I p raised(a)(a) him for a good job he did and TC replies back Thank you Chloe, He then goes all over to the sink as he has gum on them and starts to mess with his hands by slapping them together.TC haha, feelsfunny. TC then washes his hands to remove paint and glue of his hands. He then goes over to the place he was sitting and laves up what pieces of base were thither. TC th tracks it in the bin Thank you Mr. bin. As TC is finished before some of the some other(a)(prenominal) children he goes over to some to observe their work. TC child Z thats really cool, Child Z thanks it took ages. TC locomotes a air and realise a piece of news authorship publisher on the ground and picks it saying idea who owns this makeup?, I have newspaper anyone want this paper? Child F no, TC oh okay, Ill put it in the bin TC walks over to the bin and opens it and says you are very good Mr. bin. TC then goes over to the library to read a book as he is finished his work. This ends my 10 minute observation on TCObser vationsI choose this activity because children one workweek before were doing something convertible before, they were enjoyed so I decide to do something similar. Childrens reception was positive, when I told them what we de segment do it they hit their hands. I accept them to sit down at the table in the art area and I ready all staff that was needed. TC sat down and started to confabulation away among friends. After that I explained how we impart make a robin redbreast and I show them a final examination work, to give it an idea to children how final counterinsurgency should look like.Then we started doing it. During activity I over again explained cl earlier what we need to do next, step by step. I want to learn children how to share which others, what is straightlaced handing a paintbrush and scissors, how to use their creativity and imagination to work on enigmas, learn them how to interact and work co-operatively and give help to others, also I think that this activity help to make children a better police squad workers. When every child have it done, I ask them to statement up to the sink and I ask them to wash their hands. TC was a problem as he had glue on his hands and wanted to run and stick his hands to other fellow classmates hands. executionSection 2My romp activity took me one hour. I think that TC had a great time with doing a robin because he didnt lose interest and I k straight off that, track out, painting , viscous and playing with other in my case was working in the group, and for TC. I learn more near supervising TC during an activity andnow I subsist how to make children enkindle in something. TC meets all the discip job skills in this play activity. TC by doing art activity deal in easy way express his feelings. To the Physical victimization I shtup bring Aistear well-organism system, because everything was vigorous and safe, the equipment that I utilize was non-toxic etc. Intellectual climbment during t his activity TC had problems with proper holding scissors so my use was to show him how to do it. Vygotsky stressed the sizeableness for development of individual who cognizes more than the child to learn something that would be too unenviable for the child to do on his or her own.Also we back bring Vogotsky and Piagets scheme somewhat ducking and imagination, it will subject to Aistear, team exploring and thinking. quarrel development TC was well able to communicate with me and with other children in the group. mule driver says that conduct design that linguistic process had to be put into children, because they are rather like renounce vessels. scarcely the Chomsky had different whimsy on empty vessels and he says that babies are born with the sensibility to learn, palaver and find out. Children learn to talk because they are genetically weaponed to do so. Language development is in Aistear in communicating team. mad development when TC was doing this activit y he anatomy a race with other children in group, they communicate with him.When they finish their work I praised them and also to TC who was thrilled with himself, this gives them self-esteem and has grown, so that build attachment amid me and children (TC). I talk with children and to TC close good behaviour and I told them what consequences will be when they wint listen me. In this part we can see Freuds theory more or less ego. description of an ego is that the children make to consider the consequences of their actions and also start being able to plan the best way of meeting the in good order ids demands. Also I can see here superego, because TC knows what is secure and what is wrong. TC was a good team workers and built a friendships with others. It is in identity operator & belonging team in Aistear. upbr careingSection 3My Role* legal confidence how best to support TC during activity.Adults have to be able to gauge when and how to interpose in child led acti vities too much intervention can disassemble the flow of TCs play andlearning, but lack of support whitethorn mean that TCs play/activity becomes repetitive or learning opportunities were escapeed. * further TC to take self-will of activities close children will concentrate for nightlong periods when they have some kind of self-will over an activity. This marrow that wherever executable children should be encouraged to be fanciful and make their own decisions. This requires adults to be confident, and preferably often the more confident primal old age worker is able to find opportunities for children to develop their own ideas or approach an activity in their own way. * Encouraging TC to keep on There are often situations where children need a lilliputian help or encouragement from an adult in order to finish an activity, such as drawing etc. This may mean giving children a microscopical helping hand .Helping children to preserve to the end of the activity can a ppend their self-esteem and concentration skills. * Interacting with TC A major part of the other(a) old age worker contribution is to build childrens communication and language skills. Older children may need questioning and prompts to learn from their experiences, for interpreter question such as why do you think this is blue colour? Also I need to be able to listen and simply chat to children. * Ex operateing or adopting activities to meet TCs necessitate It is of import for adults working with children to know how to adapt or function an activity for a child e.g. to make a task easier or more challenging. This is the way in which you can include all children and is major focus of inclusion policies. ideally I should think nigh the needs of children before an activity starts, but in some cases I will need to adapt the activity once I see that is not meeting a childs needs. Varying the activity according to the needs of the children will mean that children enjoy learning and do not get bored or feel that they leaded.Section 4 Objectivity means to keep your own opinions, emotions, prejudices, and biases out of a situation. When applying objectivity in child care, it helps to teach the child the importance of observing boundaries, the consequences of right and wrong, ineffectiveness of manipulation and other come across character traits that will make them more responsible members of the society. You can recognize a sensitivity period occurring when you see child your child developing a beloved for a certain toy or activity. *He may be toilsome to acquire balance and is drawn to walk on the cracks of sidewalks, or alongthe curb. * She may be drawn to pick up small objects of any kind to develop the pincer grip. *Your child will impromptu repeat the activity again and again until one sidereal day the cycle is finished.*The activity may not seem to be particularly meaningful to you, but it fulfils some area of mental or visible development and aware parents and caregivers will stick out the activity. There are many influences on the purlieu such factors that influence a childs early years of development. almost factors can be inwardly the environment itself, like chemicals and pollution. Other factors can be parental, societal and economical. A childs behaviour and character is restricted upon the valet around him. The interaction between genetic endowment and the environment can also play an important grapheme in the growth and development of a child.Chemicals and defilement-Chemicals in the environment can necessitate a childs proceeding in school, growth and development, health, and overall well-being. accord to Chemical Kids by Dan Orzech, children are exposed to toxins in various waysdiesel motor exhaust from school buses, pesticides in foods, tether paint and mercury.Parental Factors-A childs growth and development in the early years are primarily molded by parents. The amount of parental interaction with a child can negatively or positively refer a child. jibe to the National Center for Children in Poverty, the state of the parents also plays a voice in the developmental process. Factors such as whether both biological parents are in the home or if the child is raised by a single parent come into play. In a single-parent home, there is often less of a support system, which accessions the odds a child will grow up in poverty. social Factors-Societal factors, such as peer interaction, may also influence the child. Children with poor language skills may have a onerous time interacting with other children. However, interaction with children can be useful in child development collectible to imitationthe child learns to imitate the behaviour of peers. This can aid in motor skills and language development. accessible isolation can negatively equal a childs big businessman to play normally, due to the lack of imitation. According to Laurie A Couture, denial ofsocial interacti on can be a form of abuse.Economical Factors-According to National Center for Children in Poverty, poverty can affect wit development in early childhood, due to the lack of proper food and tint of care. Poverty can also increase risk factors in parents, such as depression, substance abuse and social isolation. Stressors located on poor families increase occurrences of child abuse and neglect. Abuse affects a childs ability to form full-blooded attachments and can lead to depression, anxiety and a propensity for violence. In addition, poor families tend to live in dangerous neighbourhoods and cannot spread out proper child care.The Impact of record on Development record, which is also cognise as heredity, is the genetic enter you are born with. It is passed on to you from your parents. Some examples of character or heredity could be your height, fashion, and IQ just to name a few. The issue of somebodyality having a great clashing on a childs development can be illustrate d in the studies of twins. Flanagan (2002) explored the Minnesota field of view in which a set of twins was raised singly. In one case, a set of akin twins was raised isolated, known as the Jim twins. They did not meet until they were almost 40 and had many similarities even though they were raised apart. There was no real translation for all their similarities except that disposition must play a crucial billet in development. The Minnesota twin study concluded that on multiple measures of personality and temperament, occupational and leisure-time interests and social attitudes, mono-zygotic twins reared apart are about as similar as are mono-zygotic twins reared together (Flanagan).This is a prime example that nature plays a significant role in our development.Another example of nature is the study of adoptive babies. Families with adopted children share the same environment, but not the same genetic code (Flanagan, 2002).The Texas Adoption Project found elfin similarity be tween adopted children and their siblings, and greater similarity between adopted children and their biological parents (Flanagan). This example also shows how important the role of nature plays on a childs development.Knowing that nature plays a role in a childs development, educators can use this to determine practical disabilities. For example, if two parents have a indicant handicap, it ismore likely that their child may develop a reading disability as well. It gives teachers a heads up on what to look out for. This can help educators be proactive and intervene at earlier ages.The Impact of elevate on DevelopmentThe influence of a persons environment on their air is a very commonly pass judgment factor. The question is how much can the environment affect the port and abilities of a person. Some basic factors such as nutrition can be shown to have an important influence on the abilities of a person. It has also been demonstrated that fears, through the experiences of child ren, can be knowledgeable. Most importantly, some behaviors, if not versed from the environment, will never develop. Environment plays a significant role in development as humans.When considering a persons environment in influencing ability, nutrition plays an important example. In one study, a group of children were give vitamin and mineral supplements for eight months. They were given intelligence tests before and after the eight-month treatment. The result was improvements in scores as compared to some other group whom we not given vitamin and mineral supplements (Nature vs. genteelness, 2001).The results suggest that environment plays a role in the intellectual ability of people. It is not an illogical take shape to understand this will probably extend to physical abilities as well.nother example of environmental influences in the behavior of people comes from a study done to an infant of 11 months. The infant was subjected to a terrible commotion whenever he attempted t o touch a white rat in the room with him. The child later displayed fear whenever he came in contact with anything white or furry (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001).A concluding example of environmental influences in behavior comes from France in 1799. A boy of 12 or 13 was found rill with wolves. When he was discovered he was brought back into society. He never developed as a normal human and had tremendous difficulties in society (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001).This suggests that much of what we consider human behavior is socially acquire. While no one would suggest that nurture is the only factor that needs to be considered in discussing behavior, it is in spades a significant factor in how we behave as humans. By ignoring the environment, we would miss a large part of what shapes and guides us in life. In conclusion, both sides of the nature/nurture debate present recount whichsupports its impact on development. Studies have shown that heredity is a major factor in developmental similar ities among twins raised separately (Flanagan 2002). Studies have also shown that nutrition plays a significant role in cognitive development (Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). Most experts agree that most aspects of a childs development are a product of the interaction of both nurture and nature (Bee, 2004).Interestingly, in recent years, unfermented technology has enabled scientists to gain a deeper dread of the genetic component of development, increasing interest on this side of the debate (Bee). Although no longer an all or null issue, the extent to which nature and nurture affect development will likely be debated for years to come. Having a good fellow feeling of the normative measurements of the framework of developmental milestones can assist us in early identification of any delays or difficulties. This can then enable access to early interventions to support the child and family. If milestones are viewed too rigidly and do not take into account the variance of individual dev elopment children can be incorrectly perceived as failing, or worse, they can be set up to fail by over-expectation.Section 5PlanningName of activity RobinsSetting The setting consists of a Montessori preschool. It is a bright and spacious and perfect for the children to do their art activity. Number of Children sixteen children did this play activity, including TC. Age of Children 4 5 years old, TC is 4Gender of Children The gender of the children are a mixture of phallic and female. TC is male Timing I spend some 15 minutes preparing and explain and about 45 minutes doing the actual activity with the children, and then had 10 minutes to clean up clean up at the end with the help of each child Materials needed and what I did with it* Circular paper plate or white paper/carol or cereal quoin - cut into circle * PVA glue (non-toxic) * Tones of swag paper for e.g. brown (light brown, depressed brown) * Red breast - create from raw stuff paper (can use any colour) * Brush/glue stick* For eyes/beak/legs - mark paper* Cut out philippic shape, can trace it from e.g. airman plate, use compass or top of circular stool * Get glue of brown sugar papers* Draw a line for the breast curve the line to make him/her more 3D * get weaving with bottom section, use watered flick glue. Stick on chosen colours of tissue paper , I used pink & purple, every child could choose any colour what they like. * Place tissue down on circular cut out shape and brush over with watery glue to stick- cover all this area. * For face/ layer brown sugar paper* Tear the sugar paper into small strips, then starting put a row of glue down and start to stick a row of sugar paper. * Next layer another raw of brown sugar paper on top of this one- keep going until you reach top of head * Depending on the ages- either use googly eyes or cut eyes, legs and beak from sugar paper . (My group was suitable for cutting eyes, legs and beak) Discussion with supervisor I asked the teachers about this play activity as the children have done something like this before and they concord to let me do it. Safety This activity is safe for the children to undertake. The paint is non-toxic so the children will not be inhaling any bruising toxins. Equality of luck An equal opportunity is offered to the children regardless of their race, colour, sex, ethnic background and sacred beliefs.Preparation of space and materials I spent 10 minutes preparing the activity. I prepared the paint, putting them into a container, getting bibs for the children to bar any messing of their clothes. I put a plastic cover over the table to prevent the table from being messed up. I demonstrated the activity to the children first. Discussion with children I talked to them at the end to see if they enjoyed it and to observe TC and to see if all atomic number 23 developments being used during this, and to see if he enjoyed himself. Learning Outcomes (PILES) TC learned about the colours they are painting, le arned about Robins on what colour and shape and what pillowcase of animal they were.Physical TC will further develop skills like pretty motor skills, hand eye coordination and thoroughgoing(a) motor skills. Intellectual TC learned about the colours of the paint and shapes. Emotional TC got a thrill out of doing messy activities such as hand and finger painting. Social TC learned to share and clean up after themselves. Learning Theme (Aistear) The theme of Exploring and thought are about TC making sense of the things, places and people in their world by interacting with others, playing, investigating, questioning, and forming, testing and refining ideas. ratingMy play activity took me one hour. I think that TC had a great time with doing a robin because he didnt lose interest and I know that, cutting out, painting , sticking and playing with other in my case was working in the group, and for TC. I learn more about supervising TC during an activity and now I know how to make child ren interested in something. TC meets all the development skills in this play activity. TC by doing art activity can in easy way express his feelings. To the Physical development I can bring Aistear well-being theory, because everything was healthy and safe, the equipment that I used was non-toxic etc. Intellectual development during this activity TC had problems with proper holding scissors so my role was to show him how to do it. Vygotsky stressed the importance for development of someone who knows more than the child to learn something that would be too difficult for the child to do on his or her own.Also we can bring Vogotsky and Piagets theory about concentration and imagination, it will suit to Aistear, team exploring and thinking. Language development TC was well able to communicate with me and with other children in the group. Skinner says that behaviour thought that language had to be put into children, because they are rather like empty vessels. But the Chomsky had differe nt opinion on empty vessels and he says that babies are born with the predisposition to learn, talk and listen. Children learn to talk because they are genetically equipped to do so. Language development is in Aistear in communicating team. Emotional development when TC was doing this activity he build a relationship with other children in group, they communicate with him.When they finish their work I praised them and also to TC who was thrilled with himself, this gives them self-esteem and has grown, so that build attachment between me and children (TC). I talk with children and to TC about good behaviour and I told them what consequences will be when they wont listen me. In this part we can see Freuds theory about ego. Definition of an ego is that the children begin to consider the consequences of their actions andalso start being able to plan the best way of meeting the powerful ids demands. Also I can see here superego, because TC knows what is right and what is wrong. TC was a good team workers and built a friendships with others. It is in Identity & belonging team in Aistear.Reflection RecommendationsI would need extra help, and I would change an age of children because some children were waiting for others. And also If I will have another fate to do it again I would do it in different time of the day (straight away in the morning), because in my opinion TC was tired and was hard to make him pay attention sometimes. I should have done my narrative earlier sooner of doing it near the end of the play activity. I would recommend to do more play activitys cause its a great way to develop all skills and TC finds it very enjoyable.Bibliography* http//www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Attachment-Theory/52354 * http//www.extension.org/pages/25680/creative-art-helps-children-develop-across-many-domains * http//www.appleton-child-care.com/child-care-daily-schedule.shtml *http//www.pbs.org/wholechild/providers/little.html *www.ehow.com Parenting*Bee, Helen (20 04). Child and adolescent development (Section 1, pp. 3). Retrieved July 28, 2004, from University of Phoenix website www.myresource.phoenix.edu *Flanagan, C. (2002). Nature and nurture why are siblings so different? Psychology Review, 8(3), 23. Retrieved July 28, 2004, from the InfoTrac Database. *Nature vs. Nurture (2001). Planet Papers. Retrieved July 28, 2004, from the World Wide clear http//www.planetpapers.com/Assets/3492.php